Background A high tendency of intention to leave has been noted for nurses in China. The nursing profession is currently unstable. Methods A sample of 51406 nurses from 311 hospitals in China who completed the self-administered questionnaire online was recruited via the China Nursing Association by email and phone using a simple random sampling method. The recruitment occurred between July 2016 and July 2017. Results The majority of the nurses had working experience ≤20 years and had to work on night shifts. A high percentage of nurses (71.8%) had insomnia, followed by 37.0% who developed varicose veins and 40.9% who experienced musculoskeletal-related disorders. The proportions of the nurses who developed gastrointestinal and urinary system diseases were 56.0% and 18.2%, respectively. Nearly half of the nurses did not have a clear goal for their future career development and intended to leave. Nurses with long working hours each week were positively associated with the development of occupational diseases. The prevalence of occupational diseases was independently associated with career development. Conclusions A high prevalence of occupational diseases was noted among nurses in China. The data indicated that 50% of the nurses were vague regarding their career planning. The data suggest that managers need to pay more attention and to prevent this problem. Appropriate interventions should also be provided.
Background Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a predominant role in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the microbiome alterations in the early stage of CD patients still remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify dysbacteriosis in patients with early CD and explore specific gut bacteria related to the progression of CD. Methods This study was nested within a longitudinal prospective Chinese CD cohort, and it included 18 early CD patients, 22 advanced CD patients and 30 healthy controls. The microbiota communities were investigated using high-throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene. The relationship between the gut microbiota and clinical characteristics of CD was analyzed. Results Differential microbiota compositions were observed in CD samples (including early and advanced CD samples) and healthy controls samples. Notably, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis and Parabacteroides were enriched in the early CD patients, Escherichia/Shigella, Enterococcus and Proteus were enriched in the advanced CD patients, and Roseburia, Gemmiger, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus 2, Butyricicoccus, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter, Anaerostipes, Clostridium IV were enriched in the healthy controls [LDA score (log10) > 2]. Furthermore, Kruskal–Wallis Rank sum test results showed that Blautia, Clostridium IV, Coprococcus, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter continued to significantly decrease in early and advanced CD patients, and Escherichia/Shigella and Proteus continued to significantly increase compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). The PICRUSt analysis identified 16 remarkably different metabolic pathways [LDA score (log10) > 2]. Some genera were significantly correlated with various clinical parameters, such as fecal calprotectin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, gland reduce, goblet cells decreased, clinical symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dysbacteriosis occurs in the early stage of CD and is associated with the progression of CD. This data provides a foundation that furthers the understanding of the role of gut microbiota in CD’s pathogenesis.
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC), a commonly diagnosed cancer often develops slowly from benign polyps called adenoma to carcinoma. Altered gut microbiota is implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. It is warranted to find non-invasive progressive microbiota biomarkers that can reflect the dynamic changes of the disease. This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential progressive fecal microbiota gene markers for diagnosing advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC. Results Metagenome-wide association was performed on fecal samples from different cohorts of 871 subjects (247 CRC, 234 AA, and 390 controls). We characterized the gut microbiome, identified microbiota markers, and further constructed a colorectal neoplasms classifier in 99 CRC, 94 AA, and 62 controls, and validated the results in 185 CRC, 140 AA, and 291 controls from 3 independent cohorts. 21 species and 277 gene markers were identified whose abundance was significantly increased or decreased from normal to AA and CRC. The progressive gene markers were distributed in metabolic pathways including amino acid and sulfur metabolism. A diagnosis model consisting of four effect indexes was constructed based on the markers, the sensitivities of the Adenoma Effect Index 1 for AA, Adenoma Effect Index 2 for high-grade dysplasia (HGD) adenoma were 71.3% and 76.5%, the specificities were 90.5% and 90.3%, respectively. CRC Effect Index 1 for all stages of CRC and CRC Effect Index 2 for stage III–IV CRC to predict CRC yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839 (95% CI 0.804–0.873) and 0.857 (95% CI 0.793–0.921), respectively. Combining with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) significantly improved the sensitivity of CRC Effect Index 1 and CRC Effect Index 2 to 96.7% and 100%. Conclusions This study reports the successful diagnosis model establishment and cross-region validation for colorectal advanced adenoma and carcinoma based on the progressive gut microbiota gene markers. The results suggested that the novel diagnosis model can significantly improve the diagnostic performance for advanced adenoma.
Introduction: Glioma is the primary malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Berberine (BBR) was the potential drug for anti-tumor in glioma cells. Based on its limitation of poor aqueous solubility and instability, little information of BBR nanoparticles is reported in glioma. Methods: Different solutions including 5% glucose, 1*PBS, ddH 2 O, 0.9% NaCl, cell culture medium were selected, and only 5% glucose and ddH 2 O exhibited BBR-related nanoparticles. After heating for a longer time or adding a higher concentration of glucose solution, BBR nanoparticles were detected by TEM analysis. The uptake of BBR-Glu or BBR-Water nanoparticles were detected by immunofluorescence analysis for BBR autofluorescence. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and Western blotting analysis. Apoptosis was performed with flow cytometric analysis and was detected by cleaved caspase-3 immuno-fluorescent staining. Cell cycle was used by flow cytometric analysis. Cytoskeleton was observed by confocal analysis using the neuron specific Class III ß-tubulin and ß-tubulin antibodies. Mitochondrial-related proteins were detected by Western blotting analyses and mito-tracker staining in live cells. Mitochondrion structures were observed by TEM analysis. ROS generation and ATP production were detected by related commercial kits. The tracking of BBR-Glu or BBR-Water nanoparticles into blood-brain barrier was observed in primary tumor-bearing models. The fluorescence of BBR was detected by confocal analyses in brains and gliomas. Results: BBR-Glu nanoparticles became more homogenized and smaller with dose-and time-dependent manners. BBR-Glu nanoparticles were easily absorbed in glioma cells. The IC 50 of BBR-Glu in U87 and U251 was far lower than that of BBR-Water. BBR-Glu performed better cytotoxicity, with higher G2/M phase arrest, decreased cell viability by targeting mitochondrion. In primary U87 glioma-bearing mice, BBR-Glu exhibited better imaging in brains and gliomas, indicating that more BBR moved across the blood-brain tumor barrier. Discussion: BBR-Glu nanoparticles have better solubility and stability, providing a promising strategy in glioma precision treatment.
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