Localization of specific chromatin domains to the nuclear lamina is mediated by YY1 and lamin A/C and is dependent on a specific histone modification profile.

Three-dimensional (3D) genome organization is thought to be important for regulation of gene expression. Chromosome conformation capture-based studies have uncovered ensemble organizational principles such as active (A) and inactive (B) compartmentalization. In addition, large inactive regions of the genome associate with the nuclear lamina, the Lamina Associated Domains (LADs). Here we investigate the dynamic relationship between A/B-compartment organization and the 3D organization of LADs. Using refined algorithms to identify active (A) and inactive (B) compartments from Hi-C data and to define LADs from DamID, we confirm that the LADs correspond to the B-compartment. Using specialized chromosome conformation paints, we show that LAD and A/B-compartment organization are dependent upon chromatin state and A-type lamins. By integrating single-cell Hi-C data with live cell imaging and chromosome conformation paints, we demonstrate that self-organization of the B-compartment within a chromosome is an early event post-mitosis and occurs prior to organization of these domains to the nuclear lamina.

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Two major types of leukemogenic BCR-ABL fusion proteins are p190and p210. Although the two fusion proteins are closely related, they can lead to different clinical outcomes. A thorough understanding of the signaling programs employed by these two fusion proteins is necessary to explain these clinical differences. We took an integrated approach by coupling protein-protein interaction analysis using biotinylation identification with global phosphorylation analysis to investigate the differences in signaling between these two fusion proteins. Our findings suggest that p190 and p210 differentially activate important signaling pathways, such as JAK-STAT, and engage with molecules that indicate interaction with different subcellular compartments. In the case of p210, we observed an increased engagement of molecules active proximal to the membrane and in the case of p190, an engagement of molecules of the cytoskeleton. These differences in signaling could underlie the distinct leukemogenic process induced by these two protein variants.

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Summary Non-random, dynamic three-dimensional organization of the nucleus is important for regulation of gene expression. Numerous studies using chromosome conformation capture strategies have uncovered ensemble organizational principles of individual chromosomes, including organization into active (A) and inactive (B) compartments. In addition, large inactive regions of the genome appear to be associated with the nuclear lamina, the so-called Lamina Associated Domains (LADs). However, the interrelationship between overall chromosome conformation and association of domains with the nuclear lamina remains unclear. In particular, the 3D organization of LADs within the context of the entire chromosome has not been investigated. In this study, we describe “chromosome conformation paints” to determine the relationship in situ between LAD and non-LAD regions of the genome in single cells. We find that LADs organize into constrained and compact regions at the nuclear lamina, and these findings are supported by an integrated analysis of both DamID and Hi-C data. Using a refined algorithm to identify active (A) and inactive (B) compartments from Hi-C data, we demonstrate that the LADs correspond to the B compartment. We demonstrate that in situ single cell chromosome organization is strikingly predicted by integrating both Hi-C and DamID data into a chromosome conformation model. In addition, using the chromosome conformation paints, we demonstrate that LAD (and B-compartment) organization is dependent upon both chromatin state and Lamin A/C. Finally, we demonstrate that small regions within LADs escape the repressive regime at the peripheral zone to interact with the A-compartment and are enriched for both transcription start sites (TSSs) and active enhancers.

SUMMARY Tcrb locus V(D)J recombination is regulated by positioning at the nuclear periphery. Here, we used DamID to profile Tcrb locus interactions with the nuclear lamina at high resolution. We identified a lamina-associated domain (LAD) border composed of several CTCF-binding elements that segregates active non-LAD from inactive LAD regions of the locus. Deletion of the LAD border causes an enhancer-dependent spread of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation from the active recombination center into recombination center-proximal LAD chromatin. This is associated with a disruption to nuclear lamina association, increased chromatin looping to the recombination center, and increased transcription and recombination of recombination center-proximal gene segments. Our results show that a LAD and LAD border are critical components of Tcrb locus gene regulation and suggest that LAD borders may generally function to constrain the activity of nearby enhancers.

In recent years, our perspective on the cell nucleus has evolved from the view that it is a passive but permeable storage organelle housing the cell's genetic material to an understanding that it is in fact a highly organized, integrative, and dynamic regulatory hub. In particular, the subcompartment at the nuclear periphery, comprising the nuclear envelope and the underlying lamina, is now known to be a critical nexus in the regulation of chromatin organization, transcriptional output, biochemical and mechanosignaling pathways, and, more recently, cytoskeletal organization. We review the various functional roles of the nuclear periphery and their deregulation in diseases of the nuclear envelope, specifically the laminopathies, which, despite their rarity, provide insights into contemporary health-care issues. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 21 is August 31, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.