Ionic‐conductive solid‐state polymer electrolytes are promising for the development of advanced lithium batteries yet a deeper understanding of their underlying ion‐transfer mechanism is needed to improve performance. Here we demonstrate the low‐enthalpy and high‐entropy (LEHE) electrolytes can intrinsically generate remarkably free ions and high mobility, enabling them to efficiently drive lithium‐ion storage. The LEHE electrolytes are constructed on the basis of introducing CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to strengthen PEO@LiTFSI complexes. An extremely stable cycling >1000 h at 0.3 mA cm−2 can be delivered by LEHE electrolytes. Also, the as‐developed Li ¦ LEHE ¦ LiFePO4 cell retains 92.3% of the initial capacity (160.7 mAh g−1) after 200 cycles. This cycling stability is ascribed to the suppressed charge concentration gradient leading to free lithium dendrites. It is realized by a dramatic increment in lithium‐ion transference number (0.57 vs 0.19) and a significant decline in ion‐transfer activation energy (0.14 eV vs 0.22 eV) for LEHE electrolytes comparing with PEO@LiTFSI counterpart. The CsPbI3 PQDs promote highly structural disorder by inhibiting crystallization and hence endow polymer electrolytes with low melting enthalpy and high structural entropy, which in turn facilitate long‐term cycling stability and excellent rate‐capability of lithium‐metal batteries.
Idle batteries in the battery swap stations (BSSs) of electric vehicles (EVs) can be used as regulated power sources. Considering the battery swap service and the frequency regulation (FR) service, this paper establishes a model of BSS cluster participating in the FR service and formulates a two-stage operation strategy. The day-ahead strategy arranges the battery charging plan and FR plan with the goal of the optimal operating economy on the next day. The intra-day strategy aims at maximizing the satisfaction degree of battery swap, minimizing the loss of planned revenue and ensuring the coordination of battery swap service and FR service by regulating the charging and discharging status of each battery in real-time. The simulation case shows that, under the prerequisite of gratifying the battery swap demand, the strategy improves the operating economy by making full use of idle batteries which bear a part in the FR service.
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