Operation Strategy for Electric Vehicle Battery Swap Station Cluster Participating in Frequency Regulation Service

Abstract

Idle batteries in the battery swap stations (BSSs) of electric vehicles (EVs) can be used as regulated power sources. Considering the battery swap service and the frequency regulation (FR) service, this paper establishes a model of BSS cluster participating in the FR service and formulates a two-stage operation strategy. The day-ahead strategy arranges the battery charging plan and FR plan with the goal of the optimal operating economy on the next day. The intra-day strategy aims at maximizing the satisfaction degree of battery swap, minimizing the loss of planned revenue and ensuring the coordination of battery swap service and FR service by regulating the charging and discharging status of each battery in real-time. The simulation case shows that, under the prerequisite of gratifying the battery swap demand, the strategy improves the operating economy by making full use of idle batteries which bear a part in the FR service.

A day‐ahead bidding strategy for battery swapping and charging system participating in the regulation market

“…Frequency regulation includes regulation up and regulation down. BSCS participates in the day‐ahead ancillary market with the optimal up/down reserve capacities and base load plan [19]. During the real‐time operation, the independent system operator releases the regulation signals (a dimensionless coefficient within [−1,1]) every several seconds according to the power system balance.…”

“…If the regulation requirements are deployed to some degree, the BCS can get additional revenue [18,19] that is calculated by…”

“…In recent years, refs. [18,19] use the two-stage optimization approach to study the problem. However, according to their models, each battery is taken as an individual variable, which will lead to a significant computational burden in the face of a large battery quantity.…”

An Optimization Framework for Low-Carbon Oriented Integrated Energy System Management in Commercial Building under Electric Vehicle Demand Response

“…With the rapid development of electric vehicles in cities, electric vehicle charging demand [14] has become the most common flexible load. There are many related studies [15][16][17][18][19][20] on this stage. Many studies have noticed the interactive connection between electric vehicles and urban commercial buildings.…”

“…Therefore, in order to stabilize the energy of the building itself, it is necessary to design a suitable mechanism to ensure its own energy reliability. Carla B. Robledo et al built an energy supply model [20] through photovoltaic power generation systems. Pei huang et al [23] use energy storage to build a coordinated control to improve performance for a building cluster considering energy storage, electric vehicles, and energy sharing.…”