The emergence and worldwide spread of drug-resistant bacteria have already posed a serious threat to human life, creating the urgent need to develop potent and novel antibacterial drug candidates with high efficacy. Indole and isatin (indole-2,3-dione) present a wide structural and mechanistic diversity, so their derivatives possess various pharmacological properties and occupy a salient place in the development of new drugs. Indole/isatin-containing hybrids, which demonstrate a promising activity against a panel of clinically important Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, are privileged scaffolds for the discovery of novel antibacterial candidates. This review, covering articles published between January 2015 and May 2020, focuses on the development and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of indole/isatincontaining hybrids with potential application for fighting bacterial infections, to facilitate further rational design of novel drug candidates.
Chemotherapy is the first choice for the majority of cancers, but severe side effects and drug resistance restrict the actual clinical efficacy. Carbazole alkaloids, mainly from the Rutaceae family, possess favorable donor ability, good planarity, rich photophysical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Carbazole alkaloids could not only intercalate in DNA but could also inhibit telomerase and topoisomerase and regulate protein phosphorylation. Hence, carbazole alkaloids are useful in providing lead hits/candidates for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review summarizes the research progress made regarding the anticancer properties of carbazole alkaloids, covering articles published from January 2010 to June 2021.
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Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. There are many chemotherapy agents available for the treatment of breast cancer, but the current therapeutic options have not fulfilled the desired outcomes especially for the drug-resistant breast cancer therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-breast cancer agents. Coumarin is ubiquitous in natural and synthetic bioactive compounds, and coumarin derivatives are readily interacting with a variety of enzymes and receptors in breast cancer cells. Moreover, the coumarin-based Irosustat as the first-generation steroid sulfatase inhibitor in breast cancer is under clinical evaluations, revealing the potential of coumarin derivatives as novel anti-breast cancer agents. This review aims to describe the recent development of natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives with anti-breast cancer potential, covering the articles published from 2015 to 2020.
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