The therapeutic effect of polysaccharide of large yellow croaker swim bladder (PLYCSB) on lupus nephritis has been studied in vivo. A high concentration (50 mg/kg dose) of PLYCSB reduced the levels of serum inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ compared to a low concentration (25 mg/kg dose) and control mice. SCr, BUN, TC and TG serum levels of PLYCSB treated mice were lower than those of control mice, and TP and ALB serum levels were higher than control mice. Control mice tested ds-DNA positive at the 6th week, and 50 mg/kg treated mice tested at the 10th week after the experiment began. The output of urine protein of 50 mg/kg PLYCSB treated mice was most closely comparable to the normal mice. The glomerular number of 50 mg/kg PLYCSB treated mice was more than the 25 mg/kg dose and control groups, and the 50 mg/kg dose group showed the lowest glomerular sclerosis index in lupus nephritis mice. By RT-PCR and western blot assay, PLYCSB significantly induced inflammation in kidney tissues of mice by downregulating NF-κB-p65, TGF-β1, Fas, FasL and upregulating IκB-α. These results suggest that PLYCSB showed a potential curative effect on lupus nephritis as a drug or functional food.

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Several kinds of highly branched block polyethers were synthesized via anion ring opening poly merization of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO), using phenol amine resin (PA) as the initiator. The rheological properties determined by rotational rheometer all followed the regular rules of polymer systems: under a certain conditions, the bulk polyethers were pseudoplastic and non Newtonian fluid, and with the increasing of the shear rate and temperature, the apparent viscosity of the block copolymers were reduced. In addition, modulus determination showed that such polyether molecules presented preferable viscosity com pared to the elasticity, meanwhile, storage modulus, loss modulus and compound viscosity all decreased with the increasing of temperature. Storage modulus and loss modulus increased along with the scanning frequency increasing. But compared with the same kind of linear polymers, the significant difference was the low melt vis cosity, which attributed to the special three dimension space structure hindering the entanglement of chains. Furthermore, the rheological properties among the several block polyethers showed differences obviously. In other words, the number of block and the content of EO all have a significant effect on the rheological proper ties, specifically, the modulus will increase with the increasing of the block number and the EO content.

Summary As a typical high‐dimensional nonlinear dynamic problem, the difficulties of the dynamic analysis on the spatial flexible damping beam mostly result from the coupling between the spatial motion and the transverse vibration. Considering the coupling effect and the weak structure damping, the dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam are investigated by a complex structure‐preserving method in this paper. Based on the variational principle, the dynamic model of the spatial flexible damping beam is established, which can be decoupled into two parts approximately, one controls the spatial motion and another mainly controls the transverse vibration. For the first part, the classic fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method can be used to discrete it expediently. For the latter part, based on the generalized multi‐symplectic idea, the approximate symmetric form as well as the generalized multi‐symplectic conservation law is formulated, and a 15‐point scheme equivalent to the Preissmann scheme is constructed. Numerical iterations are performed for six typical initial cases between the two parts to study the dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam. In the numerical experiments, the effects of the damping factor and the initial conditions (including the initial radial velocity and the initial attitude angle) on the dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam are investigated in detail. From the numerical results, it can be concluded that the damping effect on the long‐time dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam could not be neglected even if it is weak; the numerical method proposed in this paper owns the tiny numerical dissipation as well as the excellent long‐time numerical stability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.