The early and accurate diagnosis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is appealing considering its irreversible progression and serious consequence for the patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic change of SANFH for its early detection. Two stages were designed in this study, namely discovery and verification. Except the biochemical index anomaly and the accidental death, 30 adult healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were used for screening out the potential metabolites in discovery experiment and 13 rabbits were used in verification experiment. The femoral heads were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and transmission electron microscopy. The metabolomic profiling of serum samples were analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS. Metabolomic cluster analysis enable us to differentiate the rabbits without and with injection of the glucocorticoid in 1 week even when there is no obvious abnormal symptom in behaviors or imaging diagnosis. The majority of differential metabolites were identified as phospholipids which were observed significant change after injection of glucocorticoid in 1, 2, 3 weeks. And the results obtained in verification experiment of 6 weeks showed that these differential metabolites exhibited consistent trends in late progression with that in early-stage. At the end of 6 weeks the damage of SANFH could be verified by pathological imaging. Therefore the finding of serum metabolite profile links to the progression of SANFH and provides the potential of early detection of SANFH.
Background: L-theanine (L-THE), a natural amino acid found in green tea, has been shown to improve anxiety and sleep. Neumentix proprietary spearmint extract (PSE), which is commonly found in beverage flavoring a pharmaceutical, also has a wide range of health benefits, including cognitive performance improvement. Methods: Four experiments tested the effects of L-THE and PSE on sleep: a direct sleeping test, pentobarbital-induced sleeping test, sub-hypnotic pentobarbital-induced sleeping test, and sodium barbitalinduced sleeping test. Presence of neurotransmitters in brain tissue was detected by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HP LC-MS) during these studies. Results: Pentobarbital-induced sleeping and sodium barbital-induced sleeping tests examined the potential effect of L-THE/PSE mixture on synergistic sleep, while neurotransmitter levels in the brain were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (HPLC/MS) method. L-THE and L-THE/PSE mixture showed increased sleep duration and shortened sleep latency when coadministrated with pentobarbital or sodium barbital. The mixture also increased sleeping rate when coadministrated with the pentobarbital at sub-hypnotic dose. Additionally, the L-THE, PSE and L-THE/PSE mixture significantly increased the concentrations of acetylcholine (Ach), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and decreased the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. Conclusions: These data demonstrated that L-THE/PSE mixture regulates sleep disorders via the GABA receptor and neurotransmitter systems.
Purpose Lovastatin is an important medicine and it shows a significant effect against glucocorticoid-induced necrosis of the femoral head. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lovastatin on preventing necrosis of the femoral head of by serum metabolomics strategy. Methods Adult healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were divided into three groups: control group, model group, and drug group. The pathologic changes of femoral head were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and microscope. Metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used to analyze the collected serum sample. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminate analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. All potential metabolites were identified by comparing with human metabolome database, Metlin database, lipid maps, and chemspider database. Results Eleven potential biomarkers were noted and identified as potential biomarkers. The change of biomarkers suggested that lovastatin on preventing necrosis of the femoral head may affect glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusion The study suggested that lovastatin could prevent the glucocorticoid-induced necrosis of the femoral head of rabbits. The possible reasons were closely associated with adjusting the lipid metabolism, inhibiting adipogenesis, and delaying the osteocyte apoptosis.
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