Herein, we report the feasibility to enhance the capacity and stability of CoMn2O4 anode materials by fabricating hierarchical mesoporous structure. The open space between neighboring nanosheets allows for easy diffusion of the electrolyte. The hierarchical microspheres assembled with nanosheets can ensure that every nanosheet participates in the electrochemical reaction, because every nanosheet is contacted with the electrolyte solution. The hierarchical structure and well interconnected pores on the surface of nanosheets will enhance the CoMn2O4/electrolyte contact area, shorten the Li+ ion diffusion length in the nanosheets, and accommodate the strain induced by the volume change during the electrochemical reaction. The last, hierarchical architecture with spherical morphology possesses relatively low surface energy, which results in less extent of self-aggregation during charge/discharge process. As a result, CoMn2O4 hierarchical microspheres can achieve a good cycle ability and high rate capability.

Herein we report a novel facile strategy for the fabrication of Co(3)O(4) porous nanocages based on the Kirkendall effect, which involves the thermal decomposition of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) Co(3)[Co(CN)(6)](2) truncated nanocubes at 400 °C. Owing to the volume loss and release of internally generated CO(2) and N(x) O(y) in the process of interdiffusion, Co(3)O(4) nanocages with porous shells and containing nanoparticles were finally obtained. When evaluated as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared Co(3)O(4) porous nanocages displayed superior battery performance. Most importantly, capacities of up to 1465 mA h g(-1) are attained after 50 cycles at a current density of 300 mA g(-1). Moreover, this simple synthetic strategy is potentially competitive for scaling-up industrial production.

A new facile strategy has been designed to fabricate spinel Mn(x)Co(3-x)O(4) porous nanocubes, which involves a morphology-conserved and pyrolysis-induced transformation of Prussian Blue Analogue Mn(3)[Co(CN)(6)](2)⋅nH(2)O perfect nanocubes. Owing to the release of CO(2) and N(x)O(y) in the process of interdiffusion, this strategy can overcome to a large extent the disadvantage of the traditional ceramic route for synthesis of spinels, and Mn(x)Co(3-x)O(4) with foamlike porous nanostructure is effectively obtained. Importantly, when evaluated as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, the foamlike Mn(x)Co(3-x)O(4) porous nanocubes display high specific discharge capacity and excellent rate capability. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the beneficial features of the particular foamlike porous nanostructure and large surface area, which reduce the diffusion length for Li(+) ions and enhance the structural integrity with sufficient void space for buffering the volume variation during the Li(+) insertion/extraction.

Salvianolic acid B (SalB), the main water-soluble bioactive compounds isolated from the traditional Chinese medical herb Danshen, has been shown to exert anti-cancer effect in several cancer cell lines. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential anti-cancer effect of SalB in human glioma U87 cells. We found that treatment with SalB significantly decreased cell viability of U87 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SalB also enhanced the intracellular ROS generation and induced apoptotic cell death in U87 cells. Western blot analysis suggested that SalB increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p53 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, blocking p38 activation by specific inhibitor SB203580 or p38 specific siRNA partly reversed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, and ROS production induced by SalB treatment. The anti-tumor activity of SalB in vivo was also demonstrated in U87 xenograft glioma model. All of these findings extended the anti-cancer effect of SalB in human glioma cell lines, and suggested that these inhibitory effects of SalB on U87 glioma cell growth might be associated with p38 activation mediated ROS generation. Thus, SalB might be concerned as an effective and safe natural anticancer agent for glioma prevention and treatment.

Ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled benzyl radical via the 4(2)B(2) electronically excited state is studied in the photolysis wavelength region of 228 to 270 nm using high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight (HRTOF) and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) techniques. In this wavelength region, H-atom photofragment yield (PFY) spectra are obtained using ethylbenzene and benzyl chloride as the precursors of benzyl radical, and they have a broad peak centered around 254 nm and are in a good agreement with the previous UV absorption spectra of benzyl. The H + C(7)H(6) product translational energy distributions, P(E(T))s, are derived from the H-atom TOF spectra. The P(E(T)) distributions peak near 5.5 kcal mol(-1), and the fraction of average translational energy in the total excess energy, , is ∼0.3. The P(E(T))s indicate the production of fulvenallene + H, which was suggested by recent theoretical studies. The H-atom product angular distribution is isotropic, with the anisotropy parameter β ≈ 0. The H/D product ratios from isotope labeling studies using C(6)H(5)CD(2) and C(6)D(5)CH(2) are reasonably close to the statistical H/D ratios, suggesting that the H/D atoms are scrambled in the photodissociation of benzyl. The dissociation mechanism is consistent with internal conversion of the electronically excited benzyl followed by unimolecular decomposition of the hot benzyl radical on the ground state.

In this paper, a potential strategy for increasing the hydrogen sorption has been demonstrated by using the nanostructure of metal organic framework. Prussian Blue analogue (PBA) Cd 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 •nH 2 O nanocubes and octahedrons were successfully obtained at room temperature in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), respectively. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Detailed proof indicated that the synthetic parameters such as surfactant, the ratio of different solvents (water and ethanol) play crucial roles in the morphology and size of the nanoparticles. The fine-detailed information about porous structures of the samples has also been studied using the Brunauer−Emmet−Teller isotherm. Most importantly, two kinds of nanostructures both display high adsorption on H 2 and CO 2 , showing enhanced adsorption properties compared with the bulk materials. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of Cd 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 nanomaterials and their H 2 , CO 2 adsorption applications at the nanoscale.

Ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled n-propyl (n-C3H7) radical via the 3s Rydberg state and i-propyl (i-C3H7) radical via the 3p Rydberg states are studied in the photolysis wavelength region of 230-260 nm using high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization techniques. The H-atom photofragment yield spectra of the n-propyl and i-propyl radicals are broad and in good agreement with the UV absorption spectra. The H + propene product translational energy distributions, P(E(T))'s, of both n-propyl and i-propyl are bimodal, with a slow component peaking around 5-6 kcal/mol and a fast one peaking at ∼50 kcal/mol (n-propyl) and ∼45 kcal/mol (i-propyl). The fraction of the average translational energy in the total excess energy, 〈f(T)〉, is 0.3 for n-propyl and 0.2 for i-propyl, respectively. The H-atom product angular distributions of the slow components of n-propyl and i-propyl are isotropic, while that of the fast component of n-propyl is anisotropic (with an anisotropy parameter ∼0.8) and that of i-propyl is nearly isotropic. Site-selective loss of the β hydrogen atom is confirmed using the partially deuterated CH3CH2CD2 and CH3CDCH3 radicals. The bimodal translational energy and angular distributions indicate two dissociation pathways to the H + propene products in the n-propyl and i-propyl radicals: (i) a unimolecular dissociation pathway from the hot ground-state propyl after internal conversion from the 3s and 3p Rydberg states and (ii) a direct, prompt dissociation pathway coupling the Rydberg excited states to a repulsive part of the ground-state surface, presumably via a conical intersection.

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of N 32 S and N 34 S have been recorded in the range of 35700-40200 cm −1 . The radical was generated by a pulsed dc discharge of a mixture of SF 6 and N 2 under a supersonic free jet condition. All the 16 observed bands of N 32 S radicals have been assigned, among which 12 bands belong to three transition progressions (v′=0-4, 0), (v′=1-4, 1) and (v′=2-4, 2) from the X 2 Π ground state to the B′ 2 Σ + upper state and the rest correspond to (9, 0), (10, 0), (11, 0) and (12, 0) bands of B 2 Π-X 2 Π transition, respectively. Analysis of the rotationally resolved spectra yields exhaustive spectroscopic constants of both the X 2 Π ground state and the B′ 2 Σ + excited state. The electronic transition bands of the isotopic molecule N 34 S have been rotationally analyzed for the first time and the rotational constants of the ground and upper states have been determined simultaneously. NS, REMPI, spectrumRadicals have great influence on chemical reactions for their high reactive activity. The reactions in atmospheric chemistry and combustion chemistry involve numerous elementary processes and are controlled by them, in which radicals play important roles of an organizer and an executor. The unpaired electron of radicals induces their high reactive activity and thus brings on the particular spectral characters of them. In chemical reactions, the state of radicals is usually confirmed by the spectral information. So the research on the spectra of radicals provides the foundation of the whole chemistry studies on radicals. As the sulfur-containing compound is one of the main contaminations in atmosphere, the spectral research on sulfur-containing radicals is of great significance in many fields such as atmospheric chemistry, and combustion chemistry.In common with the isovalent molecular NO that has been studied extensively, the NS radical possesses a large number of valence and Rydberg states. The ground state of NS is 2 Π r and has a valent electronic configuration of 7σ 2 2π 4 3π 1 . The first spectroscopic detection of the NS radical in laboratory was made in 1932 by Fowler and Bakker [1] , who observed two bands of A-X and C-X systems between 2300 and 2700 Å in emission. Later, studies on NS have been carried out in succession by experiment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and theory [19][20][21][22] . Especially in the work by Jenouvrier and his co-workers [5][6][7] , a thorough emission spectroscopic study was performed in the range of 1750-5650 Å. They observed all the low-lying states including X among which the C, E, J and F states were identified as Rydberg states. Most of the work was carried out in emission and only Chiu's [10] and Jeffries's [17] groups reported the work in absorption. The former studied C 2 Σ + state in emission and absorption, and the latter observed the LIF excitation spectra of A 2 Σ, B 2 Π and C 2 Σ + . In 1991, Barnes et al. [18] studied the F 2 Δ Rydberg state by REMPI spectroscopy firstly. Compare...