Fabrication Based on the Kirkendall Effect of Co₃O₄ Porous Nanocages with Extraordinarily High Capacity for Lithium Storage

Abstract

Herein we report a novel facile strategy for the fabrication of Co(3)O(4) porous nanocages based on the Kirkendall effect, which involves the thermal decomposition of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) Co(3)[Co(CN)(6)](2) truncated nanocubes at 400 °C. Owing to the volume loss and release of internally generated CO(2) and N(x) O(y) in the process of interdiffusion, Co(3)O(4) nanocages with porous shells and containing nanoparticles were finally obtained. When evaluated as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared Co(3)O(4) porous nanocages displayed superior battery performance. Most importantly, capacities of up to 1465 mA h g(-1) are attained after 50 cycles at a current density of 300 mA g(-1). Moreover, this simple synthetic strategy is potentially competitive for scaling-up industrial production.

Smart construction of three-dimensional hierarchical tubular transition metal oxide core/shell heterostructures with high-capacity and long-cycle-life lithium storage

“…The highly porous CoO nanosheets are composed of many small nanoparticles, which yield plentiful active sites for the insertion of Li ions and enough void spaces to act as a buffer against volume change as well as to shorten diffusion paths for electrons/Li ions, giving rise to high capacities. [49,[51][52][53]] SEM (Fig. 5c), and XPS (Fig.…”

Facile general strategy toward hierarchical mesoporous transition metal oxides arrays on three-dimensional macroporous foam with superior lithium storage properties

“…[20][21][22][23] Generally, the hierarchically porous structures of NTMOs, in which more interfacial bonding exists, can not only largely increase the amount of Li + storage site and provide more extra active sites for Li + insertion but also greatly facilitate Li + transfer and enable the full exposure of active materials to the electrolyte, resulting in the improvement in specific capacity. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Meanwhile, mesoporous feature possesses the ability to hold the electrolyte and prevent it from over-flooding under capillary force and provides enough void spaces to buffer large volume variation and alleviate the structural strain during repeated discharge-charge processes, leading to enhanced cycle performance. [6,20,24,28] Moreover, NTMOs assembled from nano-sized building blocks result in large lithium flux and short lithium diffusion length, which leads to an improvement in kinetics associated with lithium.…”

Template‐Based Engineering of Carbon‐Doped Co3O4 Hollow Nanofibers as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[14][15][16][17] For example, Kim and co-workers [ 15b ] employed graphene layers to enhance the electronic conductivity of Co 3 O 4 , but the inclusion of too much carbon sacrifi ced the specifi c capacity of Co 3 O 4 electrode. [ 18 ] Recently, carbon doping nanostructures exhibit considerable potential advantages to improve their intrinsic conductivity by altering the band structure. [19][20][21] For example, carbon-doped TiO 2 nanotubes exhibited excellent lithium storage capacity via enhancing conductivity.…”