Background: Developing countries exhibit a high disease burden from shigellosis. Owing to the different incidences in males and females, this study aims to analyze the features involved in the transmission of shigellosis among male (subscript m) and female (subscript f) individuals using a newly developed sex-based model. Methods:The data of reported shigellosis cases were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2017. A sex-based Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious/ Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEIAR) model was applied to explore the dataset, and a sex-age-based SEIAR model was applied in 2010 to explore the sex-and age-specific transmissions.Results: From 2005 to 2017, 130 770 shigellosis cases (including 73 981 male and 56 789 female cases) were reported in Hubei Province. The SEIAR model exhibited a significant fitting effect with the shigellosis data (P < 0.001). The median values of the shigellosis transmission were 2.3225 × 10 8 for SAR mm (secondary attack rate from male to male), 2.5729 × 10 8 for SAR mf , 2.7630 × 10 -8 for SAR fm , and 2.1061 × 10 -8 for SAR ff . The top five mean values of the transmission relative rate in 2010 (where the subscript 1 was defined as male and age ≤ 5 years, 2 was male and age 6 to 59 years, 3 was male and age ≥ 60 years, 4 was female and age ≤ 5 years, 5 was female and age 6 to 59 years, and 6 was male and age ≥ 60 years) were 5.76 × 10 -8 for β 61 , 5.32 × 10 -8 for β 31 , 4.01 × 10 -8 for β 34 , 7.52 × 10 -9 for β 62 , and 6.04 × 10 -9 for β 64 .Conclusions: The transmissibility of shigellosis differed among male and female individuals. The transmissibility between the genders was higher than that within the genders, particularly female-to-male transmission. The most important route in children (age ≤ 5 years) was transmission from the elderly (age ≥ 60 years). Therefore, the greatest interventions should be applied in females and the elderly.
Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the level and role of serum irisin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using case-control study. Methods A total of 71 patients with T2DM were selected as the case group according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria; and the ratio of 1:1 was calculated according to the inclusion rate of the residents. The cohort established in Guankou Town, Jimei District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China and the residents of this cohort were selected at the age of 60 and above. A total of 71 healthy subjects were included as the control group with the same gender and the age with a difference of ± 5 years old. The clinical data of the subjects were collected to determine their previous history, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (HB), liver function test, renal function test, fasting blood glucose and serum lipid. The irisin level in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed by using SPSS17.0 software. Single factor analysis using Chi-square test or t -test was performed to compare the differences between T2DM patients with the control group of the general data, clinical indicators and irisin level in serum. Logistic regression was used to analyze the protective factors and risk factors of diabetes mellitus. Results The results of single factor analysis showed that the level of irisin in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (703.37 ± 241.51 ng/mL and 800.22 ± 275.59 ng/mL, respectively). The levels of BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in T2DM group were higher than those in control group, and differences were statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis indicated that irisin may be a protective factor for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 0.997, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.994 - 0.999). Conclusions The serum irisin level in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in control group, suggesting that irisin may be a protective factor for type 2 diabetes.
In this study, we report three cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in China, two confirmed cases and one probable case. The aim of this study was to enrich the data regarding clinical and epidemiological features of this disease and to provide reference for the diagnosis, control, and prevention of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.