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A Thue-Morse optical superlattice made from a single crystal with laminar ferroelectric domain structure was proposed to realize second-harmonic generation. Due to the singular continuous Fourier spectrum in Thue-Morse sequence, this structure shows more plentiful harmonic spectrum, and the intense peaks can be classified according to their different intensity distributions within the superlattice. The harmonic spectra in real space and reciprocal space are presented and discussed.

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Posttranslational modifications, providing covalent alterations to extend their functions, show protein species on 2-DE gels, but our knowledge on protein species is still limited. In the present study, characteristics of protein species are determined in Escherichia coli using 2-DE based proteomics. In the E. coli proteome, 691 unique proteins (representing 1096 protein spots) accounting for 15.37% of gene-coding proteins of the bacterium are identified. Out of them, 191 have 596 protein species. Proteins with higher abundance, a higher proportion of Glu, Gly, Lys, and higher pI are more likely to have protein species. Further investigation on bacterial serum resistance indicates that more proteins with protein species are found in the bacterium in response to serum stress. A weighted protein co-expression network shows that protein species are related to topological connection as a result of protein regulation. The node protein IleS is demonstrated to contribute to serum resistance using a gene-deleted mutant. These results have revealed general characteristic features of bacterial species, and also provided novel insights into the biological significance of bacterial protein species, particularly the role in serum resistance.

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W e have studied the domain configurations and structures of KNbOz crystal in orthorhombic and tetragonal phases by polarizing microscopy. The phase transition processes among orthorhombic, tetragonal and cubic phases and thermal hysteresis during phase transitions are observed directly. Domain-pattern changes and the stable domain patterns during the phase transitions are discussed.