Articles you may be interested inEffect of nitrogen addition on the band gap, core level shift, surface energy, and the threshold field of electron emission of the SrTiO 3 thin films Electron emission from silicon tips coated with sol-gel ( Ba 0.67 Sr 0.33 ) Ti O 3 ferroelectric thin filmThe effect of substrate temperature ͑T S ͒ on the behavior of field emission, microstructure, optical band gap, and the surface energy of N-doped SrTiO 3 thin films coated on silicon tip arrays has been examined in detail. Results indicate that the T S dominates the chemical states of nitrogen added to the sputtered SrTiO 3 films and hence the observations. At the critical temperature of 600°C, nitrogen atoms incorporate into the oxide film with sp-hybridization features. The generation of the nonbonding lone pair states narrows the optical band gap and the lone pair induced antibonding dipoles lower the threshold field for electron emission substantially. At lowered T S , molecular adsorption of nitrogen dominates. Contact angle measurements further evidence for the presence of antibonding dipole states at the surfaces which is responsible for the adsorbate-induced surface stress.
The effect of nitrogen (N) doping on the behavior of field emission, surface energy and the band structure of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) thin films coated on silicon tip arrays has been examined in detail. Measurements using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, water contact angle and field emission testing revealed that the optimal 50%-nitrogen partial pressure (PN) could improve substantially the threshold field of electron emission of the SrTiO3 films accompanied with narrowed band gap, lowered surface energy and work function and a negative energy shift of the N 1s level from 404 to 396 eV. Results evidence consistently the presence of the nonbonding lone pairs and the lone pair induced antibonding dipoles upon tetrahedron formation which is responsible for the observations. At PN below and above the optimal value physisorption and hydrogen bond likes formation like to occur.
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