Relativistic electrons, accelerated by the laser ponderomotive force, can be focused onto a high-Z convertor to generate high-brightness beams of γ-rays, which in turn can be used to induce photonuclear reactions. In this work, the possibility of photo-transmutation of long-lived radionuclide 135 Cs by laser-plasma driven electron source has been demonstrated through Geant4 simulations. High energy electron generation, bremsstrahlung and photonuclear reaction have been observed at four different laser intensities of 10 20 W/cm 2 , 5 × 10 20 W/cm 2 , 10 21 W/cm 2 and 5 × 10 21 W/cm 2 , respectively. It was shown that the laser intensity and the target geometry have strong effect on the transmutation reaction yield. At different laser intensities the recommended target sizes were found to obtain the maximum reaction yield. The remarkable feature of this work is to evaluate the optimal laser intensity to produce maximum reaction yield of 10 8 per Joule laser pulse energy, which is 10 21 W/cm 2 . Our study suggests photo-transmutation driven by laser-based electron source as a promising approach for experimental research into transmutation reactions, with potential applications to nuclear waste management.
Initial, thermal and wear contours of the work roll are three major sources of mill disturbance and play critical roles in crown and shape control of strip. To simplify the complex contour curve of the work roll resulting from superposition of three kinds of contour mentioned above in the online strip shape control model, a comprehensive contour concept of the work roll and its predictive calculation model are put forward in the present work. Predictive calculation of the comprehensive contour of the work roll in the online strip shape control model during hot rolling consists of two important parts, namely wear contour calculation and thermal contour calculation, which have a direct influence on the accuracy of shape control. A statistical wear model and a finite difference thermal contour model of the work roll are described in the present work. The comprehensive contour is the sum of grinding, wear and thermal contours. This comprehensive contour calculation model has been applied successfully in a real online strip shape control model. Its high precision has been proved through the large amounts of actual roll profile measurement and theoretical analysis. The hit rates (per cent of shape index satisfying requirement) of crown and head flatness of the strips rolled by using the shape control model, which includes the comprehensive contour calculation model, have increased about 16 and 10% respectively, compared with that of strips rolled using manual operation.
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