A cryopreservation protocol based on air dehydration of explants placed on aluminium cryo-plates, termed D cryo-plate, was successfully developed for in vitro mat rush (Juncus decipiens Nakai) lateral buds. The buds of line 'Hiroshima 4gou(1)' with basal stems were dissected from multiple shoots and precultured overnight at 25°C on solid MS medium containing 0.3 M sucrose. Precultured buds were placed on aluminium cryo-plates, each one with 10 elliptical wells (2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide and 0.75 mm deep) and embedded in calcium alginate gel with 0.4 M sucrose and 1 M glycerol. Osmoprotection was performed by immersing the cryo-plates with buds for 30 min at 25°C in loading solution (2 M glycerol+1.0 M sucrose). Buds were dehydrated to 26% moisture content (fresh weight) by placing the cryo-plates for 2.5 h either in the air current of a laminar flow cabinet or in Petri dishes containing silica gel. Cooling was performed by placing the cryo-plates in uncapped cryotubes, which were immersed in liquid nitrogen. For rewarming, cryo-plates were immersed in liquid medium with 1.0 M sucrose for 15 min at room temperature. Under these conditions, regrowth of cryopreserved buds of line, 'Hiroshima 4gou (1)' was 93% after four weeks culture. The average regrowth of 20 mat rush lines was 88%. The D cryo-plate procedure will facilitate cryostorage of mat rush germplasm.
The genetic diversity of 175 rice accessions from Myanmar, including landraces and improved types from upland and lowland ecosystems in five different areas—Western (hilly), Northern (mountainous), North and South-eastern (plateau), and Southern (plain)—was evaluated on the basis of polymorphism data for 65 DNA markers and phenol reactions. On the basis of the DNA polymorphism data, high genetic diversity was confirmed to conserve in the accessions from each ecosystem and area. And the accessions were classified into two cluster groups I and II, which corresponded to Indica Group and Japonica Group, respectively. Cluster group I accessions were distributed mainly in upland ecosystems; group II were distributed in lowland in the Southern area, and the distributions of dominant groups differed among areas. Rice germplasm in Myanmar has maintained high genetic diversity among ecosystems and areas. This information will be used for advanced studies in germplasm and rice breeding in Myanmar.
Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for global mortality. A community based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Hmawbi Cantonment Area, Yangon Region in November, 2015. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension concerning smoking, alcohol dinking, eating food pattern, taking regular exercise, stressful condition and body mass index (BMI). The sample consisted of 210 respondents from three Units (Light Infantry Regiments) were randomly selected to participate in the study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. It was found that 33.3% of respondents had hypertension; 55.7% achieved good awareness on hypertension as well; 16.7% respondents were current smoker; 7.6% had the history of alcohol drinking; 67.1% respondents took regular exercise; 29.5% respondents were in stressful condition; 32.9% re-spondents were overweight and 19.5% were obese. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (p-0.001), family income (p<0.001), awareness level (p-0.01), current smoking status (p<0.001), alcohol drinking (p<0.001), regular exercise taking (p<0.001), stressful condition (p<0.001), and increase BMI (p<0.001) of respondents. This setting in Hmawbi evidenced that age, family income, smoking, alcohol drinking, consumption of salty and fast food, stressful condition and increase BMI were identified as risk factors and taking regular exercise was protective. Over-all, over 50% of respondents having good awareness show that favorable circumstances exist for further strengthening the hypertension prevention and control program. These findings have implications for future public health interven-tion and clinical efforts to decrease the prevalence of hypertension among population.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(1) 2016: 20-26
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