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Food safety is a scientific discipline to ensure consumers’ safety and prevent food-related harms, hazards, or risks along the entire food supply chain. Although fish and seafood products are the best means for securing food and nutrition in a population, they are also highly perishable, being vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This review thus aimed to provide updated scientific information on the role of the phenolic compounds of Spirulina as food additives, and their antimicrobial activities in fish and seafood products, in a food safety context. Recent applications of Spirulina phenolic compounds showed good results in contaminated fish and seafood products. Different studies have concluded that Spirulina phenolic compounds such as polyphenols, C-phycocyanin, γ-linolenic acid, fatty acids, and the combination of lauric and palmitoleic acids have antimicrobial activity in eliminating and/or controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, and fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Overall, Spirulina can be considered as an emerging natural food additive with antimicrobial activities against pathogenic fungi and bacteria.

Lake Ardibo is one of the important freshwater lakes in northern Ethiopia and today it supports many fishers and their families, who are directly depend on the lake fishery for their protein food source and income generation. The open nature of the fishery resource and high unemployed youth participation in the fishing activity is urgent call and in the long term the lake fishery may become overexploited and collapse so there is a need to introduce some management options for the lake by assessing the current condition using fishermen and key expert interviews as well other secondary data assessment and after this using simple excel sheet and expert analysis were used to compile this paper. Hence based on the analyzed data and observation the fishermen are welling to practice licensing, mesh size regulation, gear restriction and closed season in lake Ardibo fishery. Finally, the researcher recommend that the fishermen should aware about the fish stock resource condition i.e. their market size of the fish, breeding season, area and practices for the sustainable food production from the lake and lastly the regional fishery proclamation should be enforced and applied on the ground.

Spirulina platensis has a wide range of activities, notably antibacterial property against food pathogens. This study investigates the antibacterial activity of S. platensis extract on Total Mesophilic and Psychrophilic Aerobic Bacteria. The results were compared using statistical analysis and the predicted model values using artificial intelligence-based models such as artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) Models. The extraction of spirulina was done by using the freeze–thaw method with a concentration of 0.5, 1 and 5% w/v. Before the application of the extract, initial microbial load of fillets was analyzed the and the results were used as control. After application analysis was performed at 1, 24 and 48 h of storage at 4 °C. Based on the statistical analysis result the S. platensis extracts’ antimicrobial activity over TMAB of fresh tilapia fish fillets at 1, 24 and 48 h was using EA from 2.5 log10 CFU/g during the control stage to 1.8, 1.1 and 0.7 log10 CFU/g respectively whereas EB and EC was from 2.1 and 2.2 log10 CFU/g at control to 1.5, 0.8, 0.5 log10 CFU/g and 1.23, 0.6 and 0.32 log10 CFU/g respectively at the specified hour interval. Similarly, the three extracts over TPAB were from 2.8 log10 CFU/g at control time to 2.1, 1.5 and 0.9 in EA, while using EB reduces from 2.8 log10 CFU/g to 1.9, 1.3 and 0.8 log10 CFU/g at 1, 24 and 48 h respectively. Although EC presented the reduction from 1.9 log10 CFU/g to 1.4, 1 and 0.5 log10 CFU/g. This was supported by ANN and ANFIS models prediction.