Purpose This study aims to examine distinct influences of two dimension job stress on job satisfaction and the moderating effects of guanxi-oriented attitude on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction under cognitive appraisal theory and transactional theory. Design/methodology/approach In this study, surveys are conducted among state-owned younger bank employees. The author uses the scale of job challenge stress and hindrance stress developed among Chinese younger bank employees to measure the two dimension job stress. After demonstrating guanxi-relative concepts, the moderating effects of guanxi-oriented attitude are examined in this study. Findings The results demonstrate that guanxi-oriented attitude does not significantly moderate the influence of challenge stress on job satisfaction, while it significantly moderates the noxious influence of hindrance stress on job satisfaction. Theoretical contributions are also discussed. Originality/value First, this study suggests specific procedures to conduct hierarchical regression analysis and confirms the effects by parameters. It also proposes and summarizes specific procedures on how to calculate regression equations and draw regression lines to check the interaction received from the hierarchical regression analysis visually. Second, based on cognitive appraisal theory, guanxi-oriented attitude, a Chinese indigenous cognitive concept, was verified in this study. According to the importance of guanxi in Chinese society, the paper shows that employees who value guanxi more will buffer the noxious effects of job stress. Trainings and counseling should be designed to regulate the normal guanxi-oriented-related cognition.
We built an e-tailing service recovery research framework to explore the effect of online service recovery on postrecovery customer satisfaction and loyalty after service failure. We also investigated the mediating role of customer perceived distributive justice in the relationship between service recovery and recovery effects. We conducted a survey with 330 undergraduate students in Beijing. The results showed that both psychological and tangible recovery were significantly related to customer perceived distributive justice. Psychological recovery and distributive justice also positively influenced postrecovery customer satisfaction. The positive impact of tangible recovery on postrecovery satisfaction was not significant. Psychological and tangible recovery and distributive justice all positively affected customer loyalty. The mediating role of distributive justice in the relationship between online service recovery and recovery effects was also confirmed. These findings show that e-tailers should pay more attention to both psychological and tangible recovery after service failure to retain customer satisfaction and loyalty.
This study aims to investigate the effect of perceived overqualification on radical creativity. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examined the mediating role of job crafting and the moderating role of supervisor-subordinate guanxi. Through the two-wave pre-test of 312 employees, we found that the scale reliability and validity of all variables in this study were good. According to the pre-test results, we modified the expressions of some items to obtain a more concise and effective questionnaire for the formal survey, so as to ensure the conclusions more reliable. And using two-wave survey data from 1007 employees among Chinese local organizations in the formal test to examine the hypotheses. The results indicated that perceived overqualification negatively affects radical creativity, and job crafting mediates the relationship. In addition, supervisor-subordinate guanxi reduces the effect of perceived overqualification on job crafting and the indirect effect of perceived overqualification on radical creativity via job crafting. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Drawing on the conservation of resources theory (COR), we examined the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on the voice behavior via role breadth self-efficacy, and how the perceived overqualification moderates the relationship between LMX and voice behavior. We tested the theoretical model with data gathered from 407 individuals in China. The results revealed that LMX had an indirect effect on voice behavior through role breadth self-efficacy, and perceived overqualification moderated the positive association between LMX and role breadth self-efficacy. In addition, the mediating effect of LMX on voice behavior through role breadth self-efficacy was stronger when the level of perceived overqualification was low and weaker when it was high. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for increasing employees’ voice behavior in organizations.
Abstract-The North Korean nuclear program has long been the focus of the international society and all the parties concerned have been trying every possible means to stop it but in vain. To help people have a clear picture of the North Korean nuclear program and effectively reduce its potential threat, the author first explains reasons for North Korean pursuit for nuclear program and then evaluates the possible effects-direct threat to regional security, indirect support to other nuclear aspirants and open defiance to NPT. Finally, she puts that pure economic sanctions or political disintegration can never work, and that truly felt responsibility from the U.S-led alliance for the security of China and ordinary citizens of North Korea as well as China's active involvement in the sanctions can really count.
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