A rapid, simple, and reliable determination method for salbutamol in pork was developed with immunoaffinity column (IAC) extraction followed by HPLC analysis. The salbutamol immunoaffinity column was prepared by coupling CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B with the anti-salbutamol polyclonal antibody which was purified by caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate. The coupling rate of the antibody and Sepharose-4B was 98.6%, and the dynamic column capacity of IAC was 400 ng/mL gel. The average recoveries of salbutamol from spiked pork samples at levels of 2, 10, 20, and 50 ng/g ranged from 83.3% to 92.2%, with the relative standard deviations of 2.8-7.0% (n=5), and the limits of detection and qualification were 0.25 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g, respectively.
The refractory lead oxide ore has become an important source of lead metal with the continuous depletion of lead sulfide minerals. Lead oxide ore is of poor floatability and there are few cases to concentrate it successfully. In this study, the sulfidization-xanthate flotation method is applied for the beneficiation of lead oxide ore in Yunnan Province (China) with sodium hexametaphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose as depressant. Chemical analysis and phase analysis was performed to explore the physicochemical property of raw ore, which provides a research basis for process design and operational control. The main influencing factors during the process, including grinding fineness, reagent types, and dosage, etc., have been studied through flotation tests. Zeta potential measurements and Fourier transfer-infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis were conducted to reveal the function mechanism of the reagents. Based on the determined experimental conditions, open circuit tests and closed circuit tests with one stage rougher, three-stage scavenger, and two-stage cleaner flotation, were carried out with the run-of-mine ore with a lead grade of 4.57%. Through close circuit bench test, the lead concentrate with a lead grade of 64.08% and recovery of 92.30% was obtained. This study is of special value, as it provides referencing significance for economically exploiting lead oxide ore.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.