Background Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common hematologic disorders affecting neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and associated risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia in neonates admitted with surgical disorders. Methods An observational prospective cohort study was conducted and all neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital with surgical disorders were included. Data were collected using a checklist and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Chi square test and independent sample t - test were used to assess the association among different variables. Results A total of 210 neonates were included in the study, out of which 56.2% were males. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was 55.8%. Among neonates with thrombocytopenia, 90.9% had late onset thrombocytopenia and half were in the severe range (<50,000/µL). The presence of sepsis (P = 0.000) and atresia (P = 0.000) were found to be significantly associated with the development of thrombocytopenia. The mean non feeding hours were found to be significantly longer for patients with thrombocytopenia (t [199], 5.81, P = 0.000). Conclusion The incidence of thrombocytopenia is high in our institution. Prevention methods towards neonatal sepsis should be given due emphasis.

Background: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common cause of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction in boys. It is considered that early diagnosis and intervention have good outcomes in terms of renal function, though the varying extent of embryological insult requires these boys to remain in extended follow-up and care. Objective: To assess the renal outcome of patients following PUV ablation. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study. Data were collected from the operation logbooks of patients from 2015 to 2019 that had been admitted to the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital pediatric surgery unit with a working diagnosis of PUV and had ablation done primarily or following diversion. Data were collected from January to April 2020 and analyzed using SPSS 25. P value≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Seventy patients were analyzed and followed for 3 years for the development of postoperative chronic kidney disease (CKD) after PUV ablation. Postoperative CKD was found in 52.9% of patients and end-stage renal disease in 2.9%. Risk factors associated with postoperative CKD were the presence of preoperative and postoperative proteinuria, postoperative hypertension, and elevated nadir serum creatinine. Results also showed that a delay between the development of vesicostomy and ablation had a significant correlation with renal outcome. Elevated nadir serum creatinine, postoperative proteinuria, and delay between the development of vesicostomy and ablation were found to be independent risk factors of development of CKD. Conclusion:There was a high rate of CKD development in patients who had had ablation for PUV, which was comparable to other studies. Three variables were found to be independent risk factors for the progression of CKD, unlike other findings seen in low-and middle-income countries.

Inguinal hernia is one of the most frequent reasons for referral to the pediatric surgery unit. The incidence ranges from 1% to 5% in the pediatric population. Surgery for inguinal hernia is among the most commonly performed procedures, with good overall outcomes and few complications.Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the pattern and outcome of inguinal hernia surgery in children. Methodology: This retrospective 5-year cross-sectional study was conducted on all pediatric patients with inguinal hernia (age <13 years) operated

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Histiocytic Sarcoma(HS) is an extremely rare non-Langerhans neoplasm primarily composed of malignant cells with morphologically and immunohistochemically showing features of mature tissue histiocytes. It can affect any part of the body with unknown etiology and is an aggressive disease with a worse prognosis and management often requires multimodal treatment. Here, we report a 9 year old boy who was diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma after he presented with left-side chest pain, dry cough, and significant weight loss of four months duration. Contrast-enhanced chest CT scan shows a heterogeneous contrast-enhancing solid extra parenchymal mass lesion that appears to be attached to the posteromedial basal pleura with adjacent lung subsegmental collapse and a minimal amount of ipsilateral pleural effusion. There was no evidence of systemic arterial supply. The patient underwent left posterolateral thoracotomy and mass excision. The biopsy and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of Histiocytic Sarcoma. The mass recurred after a month, and he started systemic chemotherapy with a CHOP regimen. Despite the multimodal treatment, he had a progressive disease with multiorgan involvement and was put on palliative care.