Abstract:Dung beetles are a functionally important component of most terrestrial ecosystems, but communities change with habitat disturbance and deforestation. In this study, we tested if dung beetle ensembles on dung of introduced cattle and of the endemic anoa, a small buffalo, are affected differentially by habitat disturbance. Therefore, we exposed 10 pitfall traps, five baited with anoa and five baited with cattle dung, per site in six habitat types ranging from natural and selectively logged rain forest to three types of agroforestry system (characterized by different management intensity) and open areas (n = 4 replicate sites per habitat type) at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We found 28 species, 43% of which were endemic to Sulawesi. Species richness, abundance and biomass declined from natural forest towards open area. Large-bodied species appeared to be more sensitive to habitat disturbance and the ratio of large to small-sized dung beetles declined with land-use intensity. Although selectively logged forest and cocoa agroforestry systems had lower species richness compared with natural forest, they appeared to maintain a high portion of species originally inhabiting forest sites. The similarity of dung beetle ensembles recorded at forest and agroforestry sites reflects the high similarity of some habitat variables (e.g. vegetation structure and microclimate) between both habitat types compared with open areas. Species richness and abundances as well as species composition, which was characterized by decreases in mean body size, changed with land-use intensity, indicating that dung type is less important than habitat type for determining ensemble structure of these Indonesian dung beetles.

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Abshact Two sets of rainfall records previously published by Indonesian institutions were summarized to examine regional difference and seasonality ofrainfall in Java, especially sites in and around Bogor.

Ant fauna was investigated in the Bogor Botanic Garden (Kebun Raya Bogor), West Java, Indonesia, by the following sampling methods: (1) collection of ants on tree trunks, (2) collection of litter ants using a handy sifter, (3) pitfall traps, (4) sugar baits, (5) collection of ants on bamboo shoots, (6) searching for colonies, (7) collection of foraging workers. In all, 216 species representing all the subfamilies known from the Oriental region were collected in 1985 and between 1990 and 1998. After intensive collections in 1995 and 1997, the cumulative number of ant species was still increasing slowly in 1998. The ant fauna was compared with the results from other sites in Southeast Asia, and those of preliminary surveys made by us in four national parks in West Java, i.e., Ujung Kulon and Pangandaran (lowland forests), and Gunung Halimun and Gunung Gede (mountain forests). Species composition in the Bogor Botanic Garden was similar to that of lowland rainforests in West Java, but remarkably different from mountain forests.Key words: ants / diversity / Indonesia / sampling method / fauna / Leptanilla Ants are one of the most dominant terrestrial animal groups in the tropics (Wilson, 1990). Most ants are predators so that they may have an important function in tropical ecosystems. In spite of the importance of studying biology and ecology of tropical ants, our knowledge of them is still scanty and fragmental. Even their taxonomy, basic to the study of every aspect of biology, is desperately incomplete (Ogata, 1992). Especially in the Oriental tropics, myrmecofauna has been rarely investigated after the pioneer works by F. Smith, C. Emery, A. Fore1, and W. M. Wheeler in the late 19th and early 20th century. Beside the importance of their function in ecosystem, ants are now regarded to be useful insects as an indicator of biodiversity (e.g., Andersen, 1990;Majer & Beeston, 1996; Abensperg-Traun et ai., 1996;Longino & Colwell, 1997; Lawton et ai., 1998 (Rosciszewski, 1995;Yamane, 1997; Yamane et ai., 1996;Chung & Maryati, 1996; Briihl et ai., 1998), though solid information on the ant fauna has not yet been available for any place in Indonesia (but see Dammermann, 1948 for the Krakataus). We have collected ants from several sites in West Sumatra and West Java during our researches on population dynamics of phytophagous insects and social organization and ecology of several ant species (see other papers in this volume, and those cited in this paper). As a first report of our myrmecofaunal survey in Indonesia, we will give a list of ants collected in the Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java, discuss the relative efficiency of different sampling methods, and compare ant faunas of Asian tropical forests.The Bogor Botanic Garden is a famous tropical botanic garden established in early 19th, being one of the most attractive places to tourists in West Java. Several ant researchers already visited the Bogor Zoological Museum which was situated in the botanic garden, and collected ants there for taxonomic studies (e.g.,...

Southeast Asian arthropod biodiversity is in rapid decline, but the variability of responses within taxa has received little attention. Using canopy fogging, we collected ~50,000 beetles (Coleoptera) in (1) lowland rainforest, (2) jungle rubber (rubber agroforest), and smallholder monoculture plantations of (3) rubber and (4) oil palm in Sumatra, across two landscapes and seasons. On average, beetle abundance was more than 50%, and biomass over 75%, lower in rubber and oil palm plantations than in rainforest and jungle rubber. This pattern was influenced by landscape and season. Abundance and biomass declines were similar in Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, and Staphylinidae, but differed in Curculionidae, which were most abundant in oil palm due to the introduced oil palm pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus. Across beetle families, species richness in monocultures was reduced by at least 70% compared to rainforest, with beetle richness in jungle rubber being similar to rainforest. Community composition in oil palm plantations differed markedly from the other land‐use systems for Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae, but less for Elateridae and Staphylinidae. Turnover contributed more to overall beta diversity than nestedness for all families and land‐use systems. Likely undersampling of the beetle community in rainforest suggests that declines of beetle density and diversity are much more severe than reported here, especially for beetle families with many concealed species, such as Staphylinidae. This study provides first evidence that negative responses of beetles to tropical land‐use change vary among families, and is the first report of its kind from heavily understudied Sumatra. Abstract in Indonesia is available with online material.

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Gunung Walat Educational Forest is located at an altitude of 500-700 m asl and has a variety of forest types. This research investigated the diversity and abundance of longhorn beetles found in several types of plantation forest. The beetles were collected using Artocarpus traps in September and October 2014. Sixteen species of longhorn beetle were found; these belonged to 7 tribes and 12 genera. The highest diversity and evenness of longhorn beetles were found in the natural forest (H=1.80, E=0.75) and the lowest of both measures in the Agathis forest (H=0.556, E=0.232). The highest similarity index (0.75) was found between the natural forest and the pine forest. Five of the species found, i.e. Sybra binotata, Sybra fuscotriangularis, Ropica strandi, Acalolepta rusticatrix, and Pterolophia melanura were highly abundant. Two of these, R. strandi and S. fuscotriangularis, as well as 4 other species found, Cleptometopus montanus, Myagrus javanicus, Notomulciber notatus, and Exocentrus artocarpi, are only found in Java. Finding Ropica marmorata was the first such record of this species on the island of Java.