Introduction. Nonexclusive breastfeeding (NEBF) is giving infants other foods or fluids in addition to the breast milk within the first six months of age. According to Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2011, prevalence of NEBF was found to be 48%; this has a great impact on the health and development of the child. Objectives. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of NEBF to infants within the first six months. Methods. Community based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 1 to 31, 2014, among 828 mothers with infants 6 to 12 months old. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Logistic regression analysis with 95% CI was computed to identify predictor variables. Result. A total of 828 mothers with infants aged between 6 and 12 months were interviewed with 100% response rate. Prevalence of NEBF was 47.5%. Mothers who completed primary school (AOR=0.46 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.71]) were less likely practicing NEBF compared to mothers with no formal education. Governmental employees (AOR=2.55 [95% CI: 1.45, 4.46]) were more likely practicing NEBF. Conclusion. NEBF was practiced by 47% of mothers. Maternal educational status, occupation, and knowledge of initiation of complementary feeding were factors significantly associated with NEBF.

This study was aimed at identifying factors that determine the psychosocial effects severity of child sexual abuse. Data were collected from 318 female children in Ethiopia using the Children's Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results revealed that respondents who survived rape and child prostitution were more symptomatic than those who were married early. Respondents for whom less time had elapsed since their first experience of abuse demonstrated a significantly higher level of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, negative reactions by others, self-blame, and guilt than those for whom more time had elapsed since such an experience. The respondents in an intact marital relationship were found to be less symptomatic than their never married and divorced counterparts. Implications for intervention and further investigations are discussed.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a pressing public health concern around the globe. Few existing reports, however, indicate the alarming rate at which the problem is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study is designed to investigate the psychosocial consequences of sexual abuse among child survivors in Ethiopia who were abused mainly through early marriage, rape, and child prostitution. Data are collected from 318 such CSA survivors-and 318 matched, non-sexually abused, normal controls- using the Children's Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results reveal the CSA survivors to be significantly more symptomatic than the control group: They demonstrated a lower degree of social support, a lower degree of empowerment, as well as a higher degree of guilt and increased likelihood of viewing the world as dangerous. Finally, these CSA survivors show a lower degree of positive self-worth than their non-sexually abused counterparts. These findings have important implications for the formulation of appropriate preventions and interventions to be undertaken by various stakeholders ranging from family to policy makers.

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Introduction: Childhood stunting has remained as a major public health problem for decades in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study was carried out to assess prevalence and determinant factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Pawie district, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross–sectional study was conducted from March to April/2019. Data was collected by an interviewer administered, pre–tested and structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling followed by a systematic sampling technique was used to include participants. Anthropometric body measurement of “Height/Length and Age” was assessed to determine child stunting. The measurements were analyzed by the WHO ANTHRO software. Stunting was defined as having of “Height–for–Age” Z–score (HAZ) lower than minus two standard deviations (HAZ <−2 SD) compared to the WHO reference population of the same age and sex group. Data was entered into Epi–Info–7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Variables with P–Values of < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were transferred to the multivariate analysis. Both Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were computed to determine the level of significance. Finally, all factors at P–Values of < 0.05 in the multivariate regression analysis were declared as determinants of stunting. Results: A total of 841 children aged 6–59 months were included in the study. All the interviews were carried out with mothers of study subjects. The overall prevalence of stunting was 37.2% [95% CI: 33.9-40.49. Child age [AOR= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.47], colostrum feeding [AOR= 2.5, 95% CI: 1.31, 4.85], malaria infection [AOR= 1.9, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.86] and meal frequency [AOR= 1.9, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.18], maternal level of education [AOR= 5.2, 95% CI: 1.21, 22.10] and employment status [AOR= 4.9, 95% CI: 1.72, 14.39] were independently associated with stunting in the study area. Conclusions: Childhood stunting was important public health problem in the study area. It was significantly associated with child age, colostrum feeding, malaria infection and meal frequency in the past 24 hours, maternal education and employment status. Improving maternal education, and age-appropriate child feeding and health care utilization practices are vital interventions to decrease burden of childhood chronic under nutrition in Northwest Ethiopia.