Early Marriage, Rape, Child Prostitution, and Related Factors Determining the Psychosocial Effects Severity of Child Sexual Abuse in Ethiopia

Wondie, Yemataw; Zemene, Workie; Reschke, Konrad; Schröder, Harry

doi:10.1080/10538712.2011.573458

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Resultant negative psychosocial outcomes, such as feelings of guilt, stress, self-blame, anxiety and depression, are common and associated with sexual and HIV-related risks [12,13]. Reasons for increased risk include low self-esteem and self-efficacy, vulnerability to sexual abuse, limited educational opportunities and communication skills, and inability to negotiate safer sex [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing HIV‐related risk and mental health problems through a client‐centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Jani

Kay³

et al. 2016

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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IntroductionEthiopia is experiencing an increasingly urban HIV epidemic, alongside a rise in urban adolescent migration. Adolescent migrants are often confronted by unique social challenges, including living in a difficult environment, abuse and mental health problems. These issues can increase adolescents’ vulnerability to HIV and compromise their capacity to protect themselves and others from HIV. We piloted and assessed the effects of a targeted psychosocial intervention to reduce mental health problems and improve HIV-related outcomes among migrant adolescents in Addis Ababa.MethodsA pre- and post-comparison design was used in a cohort of 576 female and 154 male migrant adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Addis Ababa receiving services from two service delivery organizations, Biruh Tesfa and Retrak. We implemented a three-month client-centred, counsellor-delivered psychosocial intervention, based on findings from formative research among the same target population, to address participants’ increased vulnerability to HIV. The intervention package comprised individual, group and creative arts therapy counselling sessions. Key outcome indicators included anxiety, depression, aggressive behaviour, attention problems, social problems, knowledge of HIV, safer sex practices and use of sexual health services. Longitudinal data analysis (McNemar test and random effects regression) was used to assess changes over time in key indicators by gender.ResultsFor females, aggressive behaviour decreased by 60% (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.4 (0.25 to 0.65)) and any mental health problem decreased by 50% (AOR: 0.5 (0.36 to 0.81)) from baseline to end line. In addition, knowledge of HIV increased by 60% (AOR: 1.6 (1.08 to 2.47)), knowledge of a place to test for HIV increased by 70% (AOR: 1.7 (1.12 to 2.51)) and HIV testing increased by 80% (AOR: 1.8 (1.13 to 2.97)). For males, HIV knowledge increased by 110% (AOR: 2.1 (1.1 to 3.94)), knowledge of a place to test for HIV increased by 290% (AOR: 3.9 (1.02 to 14.9)), HIV testing increased by 630% (AOR: 7.3 (2.6 to 20.7)) and use of sexual health services increased by 220% (AOR: 3.2 (1.62 to 6.27)). We did not find any significant reduction in mental health problems among male adolescents.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a psychosocial intervention was associated with increased knowledge and uptake of HIV and sexual health services among both male and female migrant adolescents and with reduced mental health problems among female adolescents. Mental health problems varied significantly for male and female adolescents, suggesting that future interventions should be tailored to address their different needs and would benefit from intensive follow-up efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing HIV‐related risk and mental health problems through a client‐centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Jani

Kay³

et al. 2016

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…The outcome variable for this study was age at first marriage (binary) either below 18 or 18 and above. The variables that may influence early marriage include age, religion, respondents' highest education attainment, educational status of husbands/parents, occupational status of respondents, occupational status of parents, media exposure, and household wealth status, residence, and region (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Variables Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ethiopia, several studies identified that education, harmful tradition practice, income, family size, media exposure and culture of the community were the significant factors associated with early marriage (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). So far different studies in Ethiopia done to identify the factors associated with early marriage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Tadesse¹

2020

Preprint

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Background Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com . ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country. Conclusion Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.

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“…13 There seems to be marriage child abuse, with clemency for ignorance and probably sexual behaviour of the girl involved in some cases. 14,15 It is important for parents' to protect the sexual virtue of their daughters, especially in a culture that forbids premarital sex. The Urhobos constitute one of the minority tribes in Nigeria, but a dominant tribe in Delta State.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ perception on factors of early marriage among the Urhobos in Delta State of Nigeria

Agege

Nwose

Odjimogho

2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Early marriage forces girls into adulthood before they are emotionally and physically matured, and it has harmful effects on their health, educational, economic and social development. In many countries, 18 years is the legal age of marriage and Nigeria has made a constitutional effort to establish same as a minimum age for marriage. This narrative review examined the causes and consequences of early marriage with a view to establish framework to assess the perception on factors among Urhobos in Nigeria. Unpublished stories are appraised alongside news media and published literature to illustrate scenarios that exemplify discussed causes. Several causes of early marriage were noted and gender discrimination, ignorance, and unexpected pregnancy appear salient or are under-discussed. There is evidence that men and women prefer husbands to earn higher wages than wives and females are less ambitious. Although there are public health concerns in the literature, data on perception of parents, especially those in low socioeconomic status, regarding public health is lacking. Critical appraisal posits that early marriage is not only shrouded in legalities, but is also caused by multiple factors. The factors that cause or lead to early marriages need to be identified for each society to appropriately address the associated ramifications. The lack of data on perception of parents suggests that educational intervention needs to start with community needs assessment.

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Early Marriage, Rape, Child Prostitution, and Related Factors Determining the Psychosocial Effects Severity of Child Sexual Abuse in Ethiopia

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Reducing HIV‐related risk and mental health problems through a client‐centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Reducing HIV‐related risk and mental health problems through a client‐centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Spatial patterns and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Parents’ perception on factors of early marriage among the Urhobos in Delta State of Nigeria

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