Development of neural interfaces from surface electrodes to fibers with various type, functionality, and materials.

In pursuit of higher field enhancement and applications in terahertz frequency regime, many techniques have been developed and reported for fabrication of high-aspectratio metallic nanostructures. While techniques utilizing spacer deposition has successfully overcome the size limit of conventional fabrication tools, they suffer from low throughput or vulnerability to mechanical and chemical treatment, limiting their further application to various fields. In this Letter we report a high-throughput scheme for fabricating metallic gap structures, free from all the aforementioned shortcomings. Vertically aligned gaps are first defined with photolithography and atomic layer deposition, and then made suitable for transmission measurements by etching out predefined sacrificial layers. Existence of the sacrificial layers alleviates many requirements associated with fabrication steps, thereby increasing the overall reliability of the whole process. Using this method we fabricate arrays of 10 nm wide metallic slits whose length is only limited by the substrate size, here 1 cm, and then characterize the sample with terahertz time domain spectroscopy. The sample show steady performance of up to 2500-fold field enhancement even after sonication under various solvents.Keywords Nano-slit . Fabrication . Terahertz spectroscopy . Terahertz nanotechnology . Field enhancement Metallic structures with nanometer-size gaps are effective in strong electric field enhancement, due to capacitive coupling between surface charges of the two metallic sides [1][2][3]. In terahertz frequencies, where metals can safely be treated as perfect electric conductors [4], the gaps can incorporate even higher field enhancement factor and find applications in molecule sensing [5], nonlinear phenomena [6], and etc.[3] For a gap to operate efficiently in terahertz frequencies, however, the lateral size of the structure must exceed several millimeters with the width remaining in nanometer scale. Such large-area, high-resolution patterning is

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Deformable semi-solid liquid metal particles (LMP) have emerged as a promising substitute for rigid conductive fillers due to their excellent electrical properties and stable conductance under strain. However, achieving a compact and robust coating of LMP on fibers remains a persistent challenge, mainly due to the incompatibility of conventional coating techniques with LMP. Additionally, the limited durability and absence of initial electrical conductivity of LMP restrict their widespread application. In this study, we propose a solution process that robustly and compactly assembles mechanically durable and initially conductive LMP on fibers. Specifically, we present a shearing-based deposition of polymer-attached LMP followed by additional coating with CNT-attached LMP to create bi-layer LMP composite with exceptional durability, electrical conductivity, stretchability, and biocompatibility on various fibers. The versatility and reliability of this manufacturing strategy for 1D electronics are demonstrated through the development of sewn electrical circuits, smart clothes, stretchable biointerfaced fiber, and multifunctional fiber probes.

In this study, we attempt to analyze characteristics of Single-sided Linear Induction Motor with a short primary member and a complicated secondary structure, which consists of solid-plate conductor section and a winding one. For this purpose, electromagnetic field analysis by 3-D FEM is combined with electric circuit analysis and motion equation. Here, electric circuit analysis involves the primary and secondary windings. Focusing on the distributions of secondary induced current and thrust force, we discuss various transient phenomena that develop at the boundary between different secondary structures. Finally, to suppress the aggravation of characteristic caused by the secondary structural transition, we improve the boundary.

SummaryA fuzzy control is combined to an auto-pilot system for compensating the cross-coupling effect of induced roll due to the dynamic characteristics of three fin torpedo. Since the utilization of fuzzycoprocessor has many interfacing problems with typical microprocessors of the guidance and control unit, the simplified fuzzy inference method based on nonfuzzy-processors is proposed to implement a fuzzy controller. This method can provide both a flexible rule-based control design and a practical implementation to guarantee the robust performance of a three fin torpedo auto-pilot system. The potential of the proposed algorithm is shown through real-time simulations using both a mathematical model on AD-100 computer and an implemented controller on Intel 80C186 microprocessor employing 12 bit A/D converter. The robustness is also tested under the random disturbances which have an analogy to the exciting roll moment in the real sea.