Background Colorectal cancer plays significant role in morbidity, mortality and economic cost in Africa. Objective To investigate the burden and trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of colorectal cancer in Africa from 2010 to 2019. Methods This study was conducted according to Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 analytic and modeling strategies. The recent GBD 2019 study provided the most updated and compressive epidemiological evidence of cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and DALYs. Results In 2019, there were 58,000 (95% UI: 52,000–65,000), 49,000 (95% UI: 43,000–54,000), and 1.3 million (95% UI: 1.14–1.46) incident cases, deaths and DALYs counts of colorectal cancer respectively in Africa. Between 2010 and 2019, incidence cases, death, and DALY counts of CRC were significantly increased by 48% (95% UI: 34–62%), 41% (95% UI: 28–55%), and 41% (95% UI: 27–56%) respectively. Change of age-standardised rates of incidence, death and DALYs were increased by 11% (95% UI: 1–21%), 6% (95% UI: − 3 to 16%), and 6% (95% UI: − 5 to 16%) respectively from 2010 to 2019. There were marked variations of burden of colorectal cancer at national level from 2010 to 2019 in Africa. Conclusion Increased age-standardised death rate and DALYs of colorectal cancer indicates low progress in CRC standard care-diagnosis and treatment, primary prevention of modifiable risk factors and implementation of secondary prevention modality. This serious effect would be due to poor cancer infrastructure and policy, low workforce capacity, cancer center for diagnosis and treatment, low finical security and low of universal health coverage in Africa.
Over the last two decades, we have tracked the national burden of cancer and its trends in Ethiopia, providing estimates of incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years. In Ethiopia, there were an estimated 53,560 (95% UI 52,480–55,540) new incident cases, 39,480 deaths (95% UI 32,640–46,440), and 1.42 million (95% UI 1.16–1.68) DALYs of cancer 2019. Cancer incidence, death, and DALYs counts increased by 32% (95% UI 11–55%), 29% (95% UI 12–44%), and 19% (95% UI − 2 to 44%) between 2010 to 2019, respectively, while age-standardised incidence, death, and DALYs rates increased by 5% (95% UI − 7 to 18%), 2% (95% UI − 9 to 14%), and − 2% (95% UI − 15 to 12%) respectively. In 2019, the leading incidence cases were leukemia, cervical cancer, breast cancer, colon and rectum cancer, and stomach cancer, while leukemia, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and stomach cancer were the most common killer cancers in Ethiopia. According to the findings of this study, tobacco-related cancers such as pancreatic, kidney, and lung cancer have increased in Ethiopian females over the last decade, while genitourinary cancer has increased in Ethiopian males. Another significant finding was that infection-related cancers, such as stomach cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma, have been rapidly declining over the last decade.
Background Small bowel volvulus (SBV) is a benign gastrointestinal surgical condition in which there is a torsion of all or parts of a segment of small bowel on its mesenteric axis. It has been contributed significant burden of surgical emergency as cause of small bowel obstruction in developing countries. The main objective this study was to explore clinical and epidemiological profile of Small bowel volvulus in Northcentral Ethiopia. Method The study was conducted at Debre Tabor General Hospital, South Gondar in Northcentral Ethiopia. The medical records of patients with a discharge diagnosis of small bowel volvulus were reviewed. The patients were seen for a 4-year period from Jan1, 2016-Dec31, 2019. The study was hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional and data were collected with a standardized structure questioner tool. The collected data checked for any inconsistency, code, and enter SPSS version 23 for data processing and analysis. Descriptive analyses were represented as frequency, percent, mean ± standard deviation for normal distribution, and Median ± Interquartile range for skewed data. Cross tabulation analysis was done for risk factors contributed for mortality and morbidity of SBV. Result There were 148 patients with Small bowel volvulus as a cause of small bowel obstruction was admitted within 4 years. The annual occurrence rate was 35cases per year. It represented 59% of small bowel obstruction and 36.3% of bowel obstruction. The majority were males (N = 125, 84.5%) and females were (N = 23, 15.5%). The age ranged from 15 to 78 years. The mean age was 41.14 ± (SD = 15.4). The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain 98% and vomiting 91.2%. The median time of hospital stay was 5 days (± IQR = 2). The mean duration of illness before hospital admission was 2 days (± SD = 1.4) and median was 1 day (± IQR = 2). The morbidity rate was 5.4% (N = 8) and the mortality rate was 3.4%(N = 5). Conclusion Annual occurrence of SBV was 37 cases per year. The prevalence of SBV was 59% of small bowel obstruction and 36.3% of bowel obstruction respectively.
Background: Small bowel volvulus (SBV) is a benign gastrointestinal surgical condition in which there is a torsion of all or parts of a segment of small bowel on its mesenteric axis. It has been contributed significant burden of surgical emergency as cause of small bowel obstruction in developing countries. The main objective this study was to explore clinical and epidemiological profile of Small bowel volvulus in Northcentral Ethiopia Method: The study was conducted at Debre Tabor General Hospital, South Gondar in Northcentral Ethiopia. The medical records of patients with a discharge diagnosis of small bowel volvulus were reviewed. The patients were seen for a 4-year period from Jan1, 2016-Dec31, 2019. The study was hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional and data were collected with a standardized structure questioner tool. The collected data checked for any inconsistency, code, and enter SPSS version 23 for data processing and analysis. Descriptive analyses were represented as frequency, percent, mean ± standard deviation for normal distribution, and Median ± Interquartile range for skewed data. Cross tabulation analysis was done for risk factors contributed for mortality and morbidity of SBV.Result: There were 148 patients with Small bowel volvulus as a cause of small bowel obstruction was admitted within four years. The annual occurrence rate was 35cases per year. It represented 59% of small bowel obstruction and 36.3% of bowel obstruction. The majority were males (N=125, 84.5%) and females were (N=23, 15.5%). The age ranged from 15-78 years. The mean age was 41.14±(SD=15.4) .The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain 98% and vomiting 91.2%. The median time of hospital stay was 5 days (± IQR=2).The mean duration of illness before hospital admission was 2 days (± SD=1.4) and median was 1 day (± IQR=2). The morbidity rate was 5.4% (N=8) and the mortality rate was 3.4 %( N=5) Conclusion: Annual occurrence of SBV was 37 cases per year. The prevalence of SBV was 59% of small bowel obstruction and 36.3% of bowel obstruction respectively.
Background: Sigmoid volvulus is a major cause of mechanical large bowel obstruction in volvulus belt countries. The objective of this study to explore the magnitude and clinical characteristics of Sigmoid Volvulus Methods: Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study employed in Debre Tabor general hospital Northcentral Ethiopia. A medical review conducted on the medical chart from Jan1, 2016 to Dec31, 2019. The collected data checked manually for completeness and consistency. The final data coded and entered to SPSS version 23 for data processing and analysis. Binary logistic regression used to measure the association of each covariate with the outcome variable. In addition, factors that have p=0.25 with the outcome variables were taken into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to control the potential confounders. The result of the final model expressed in terms of adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR) and 95% CI and statistical significance declared if the P-value is less than 0.05. Result: There were 124 patients with sigmoid volvulus admitted within four years of the study. During the study period, 408 patients with bowel obstructions were admitted, among Mechanical large bowel obstruction (MLBO) 135 (33.1%), Mechanical small bowel obstruction (MSBO) 251(61.5%), and Ileosigmoid knotting 22(5.4%). Our study showed that sigmoid volvulus accounted for 91.9% and 30.4% of Mechanical Large bowel obstruction and Bowel obstruction respectively. Most of the patients were male 97.6 %( N=121) and rural residents 91.1 %( N=113). The peak age was 56-65 years accounted for 29 % and 65.3 %( N=81) of patients were above age 50years. The age ranged from 19-88 years. The mean and median ages were 56.52± (SD=14.4) and 58.5± (IQR=17.75) respectively. The mean of hospital stay for elective admission was 10.98(SD±4.33) days and the median was 11 (IQR±5) days. The mean of hospital stay for emergency admission excluding death and leave against medical advice was 8.4(SD±4.1) days and median was 8 (IQR±2) days Conclusion: Primary resection and anastomosis was the common procedure for management of sigmoid volvulus. Mortality rate was 6.45% and higher in gangrenous sigmoid volvulus (14.6 % vs. 2.4%)
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