Resumo -A semente de gergelim de alta qualidade constitui num dos fatores responsáveis pelo sucesso de uma lavoura e na melhoria da alimentação humana e animal (torta). Com este propósito foi elaborado o presente trabalho com objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fi siológica e a composição química/mineral das sementes de gergelim de três cultivares: BRS Seda, CNPA G4 e Preta. As sementes utilizadas na pesquisa foram provenientes de três municípios distintos. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os testes de laboratório estudados foram: germinação, vigor (primeira contagem de germinação), pureza física, massa de 1.000 sementes, teor de água, teor de óleo, proteína, cinza, fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e enxofre (S). Com base nos resultados obtidos, as seguintes conclusões foram estabelecidas: 1) O teor de água das sementes com distintas cores (branca, creme e preta) está inversamente relacionado com sua qualidade; 2) Houve uma correlação positiva entre teor de óleo e massa de 1.000 sementes para as cultivares estudadas; e 3) As sementes das cultivares BRS Seda e CNPA G4 apresentaram baixa concentração de cálcio em relação as Pretas. Palavras-chave -Sesamum indicum. Cor de sementes. Componentes químicos. Óleo. Proteína.Abstract -The sesame seed of high quality constitutes one of the responsible factors of the success of farming and in the improvement of human and animal food. With this intention the present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological quality and the mineral / chemical composition of sesame seeds of the cultivars: Seda, CNPA GR, and Preta. The seeds used in the research proceeding from three distinct cities. The experimental design utilized was entirely random with four replications. The studied tests of laboratory had been: germination, vigor (fi rst count of germination), physical purity, mass of 1.000 seeds, water content, oil content, protein, ash, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and sulphur (S). Based on results obtained, the following conclusions were established: 1) The water content of the seeds with distinct colors (white, cream and black color) is inversely related to their quality; 2) There was a positive correlation between oil content and the mass of 1.000 studied seeds cultivated; and 3) The seeds of the cultivars BRS Seda and CNPA G4 had presented low calcium concentration compared with the Black one.

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has excellent properties, such as high biocompatibility and an elastic modulus similar to bone, which makes it a suitable biomaterial. When modified with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and hydroxyapatite (HA), its workability and bioactivity is enhanced, and this makes it of great importance in medicine. This study investigates a better combination of process parameters to manufacture sulfonated PEEK/HA (SPEEK/HA) membranes for biomaterials. Chemical, thermal, and biological analyses were carried out on all samples. The sulfonated structure was observed to enhance wettability, adhesion, and cell viability. Furthermore, an increase in the degree of sulfonation facilitated their workability as required for biomaterials; making them suitable for osseointegration. Besides, the SPEEK/HA membranes presented cell adhesion, confirming the viability to use as biomaterial. This study presents a cheap alternative method to easily process biomaterials of improved workability.

RESUMOO avanço da tecnologia dos biomateriais permite desenvolver materiais que auxiliam nos processos reconstrutivos de partes do corpo e incrementam tratamentos e melhora a qualidade de vida dos seres humanos. O Polihidroxibutirato (PHB) é um polímero biocompatível, biodegradável, muito estudado para aplicações médicas e suas propriedades ainda podem ser adequadas para outras diversas aplicações com a incorporação da hidroxiapatita (HA). Esta é uma carga inorgânica biocompatível e bioativa já presente nos tecidos ósseos do organismo. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo obter membranas composta por PHB e HA para utilização como biomaterial em regeneração tecidual óssea e guiada. Para obtenção das membranas, o PHB foi processado em uma extrusora monorosca de bancada AX-Plásticos (16-mm), com Razão LD=26, a uma taxa de compressão de 1,5, específica para produção de filmes planos. Foram confeccionadas membranas de PHB puro, e os compósitos de PHB com 1%, 2% e 3% de HA. Após obtenção das membranas, as mesmas foram caracterizadas por Difração de raios X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) / Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva (EDS), Citotoxicidade e Molhabilidade. Nos difratogramas foi possível observar um perfil de material semicristalino e que a adição da HA diminuiu esse perfil. Nas micrografias foi visualizada uma superfície de um material denso e rugoso. Já no EDS foi evidenciado os elementos químicos presentes no PHB e na HA. O ensaio de citotoxicidade confirmou a viabilidade e consequentemente a biocompatibilidade do material obtido. Já o ensaio de Molhabilidade confirmou o caráter hidrofílico das membranas. Fundamentado nesses resultados, pode-se concluir que a metodologia para obtenção das membranas foi eficaz, sendo as mesmas biocompatíveis e que a quantidade da carga vai depender da indicação de uso do biomaterial em questão.Palavras-chave: PHB. Hidroxiapatita. Biomateriais. Biocompatível. ABSTRACTThe advancement of biomaterials technology allows the development of materials that assist in reconstructive procedures of the body parts and increase treatment and improves the humans quality of life. The polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biocompatible polymer, biodegradable, widely studied for medical applications and its properties can also be suitable for other various applications with hydroxyapatite (HA) incorporation. This is a bioactive and biocompatible inorganic filler already present in bone tissues. Thus, this study aimed to obtain membranes composed of PHB and HA for use as biomaterials in bone tissue regeneration and guided. To obtain the membranes, PHB was processed in a single screw extruder AXPlastics bench (16 mm), with LD Ratio = 26, a compression ratio of 1.5, specific for the production of flat film. Pure PHB membranes were prepared, and composite PHB with 1%, 2% and 3% HA. After obtaining the membranes, they were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) / Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Cytotoxicity. In the diffraction profi...

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This work aimed to prepare chitosan/clay microspheres, by the precipitation method, for use in drug carrier systems. The influence of the process parameters, particularly two airflows of the drag system (2.5 and 10 L·min−1) on the microspheres physical dimensions and properties, such as microstructure, degree of swelling and porosity were evaluated. The samples were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Water absorption and porosity tests were also performed. The results showed that the process parameters affected the size of the microspheres. The diameter, volume and surface area of the chitosan/clay microspheres decreased when they were prepared with the higher airflow of the drag system. The microspheres presented a porous microstructure, being the pore size, percentage of porosity and degree of swelling affected not only by the process parameters but also by the type of clay. Hybrids (chitosan/clay) with intercalated morphology were obtained and the hybrid prepared with montmorillonite clay at higher airflows of the drag system presented the greatest interlayer spacing and a more disordered morphology. Thus, it is certain that the chitosan/clay nanocomposite microspheres prepared with montmorillonite (CL clay) at higher airflows of the drag system can have good drug-controlled release properties.

The focus of this triple‐blind study was on evaluating the effect of chitosan combined with Dysphania ambrosioides (A) extract on the bone repair process in vivo. In total, 60 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) weighing between 260 and 270 g were randomly selected for this study and distributed into four groups (n = 15). Group C (chitosan), Group CA5 (chitosan + 5% of D. ambrosioides), Group CA20 (chitosan + 20% of D. ambrosioides), and Group CO (Control‐Blood clot). In each animal, bone defects measuring 2 mm in diameter were performed in both tibias for placement of the substances. After 7, 15, and 30 days, the animals were sedated and sacrificed using the cervical dislocation technique and the tissues were analyzed under optical microscope relative to the following events: inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, periosteal, and endosteal bone formation. The data were evaluated to verify distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and variance, using the Levene test; as distribution was not normal, data were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn nonparametric tests (p < .05). A significant inflammatory infiltrate was observed in Group CA5 (p = .008) in the time interval of 7 days, and in Group C at 15 (p = .009) and 30 (p = .017) days. Osteoblastic activity was more significant in Group CA20 (p = .027) compared with CA5 in the time interval of 7 days. Group CA20 demonstrated a significantly higher endosteal and periosteal bone formation value in the time interval of 7 (p = .013), 15 (p = .004), and 30 days (p = .008) compared with the other groups. The null hypothesis was refuted, bone regeneration was faster in spheres with an association of chitosan and 20% extract, and complete bone repair occurred clinically at 15 days and histologically at 30 days. The spheres proved to be a promising method for the biostimulation of alveolar bone repair and bone fractures.

The objective of this study was to develop a chitosan-based biomaterial with calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine for intracanal treatment application and, consequently, to diminish the number of microorganisms in the root canal system. The chitosan solution was prepared by dissolving it in 2% and 4% acetic acid (v/v) for 1 h at room temperature (25 °C) with magnetic agitation (430 rpm). Calcium hydroxide was obtained in two stages: the first was the synthesis of the calcium oxide—CaO, and the second was that of the calcium hydroxide—Ca(OH)2. The samples were developed using different concentrations of chitosan, calcium hydroxide, and chlorhexidine 2%. They were codified as Ca(OH)2 + Q2% (M1), Ca(OH)2 + Q4% (M2), Ca(OH)2 + Q2% + CLX (M3), Ca(OH)2 + Q4% + CLX (M4), Ca(OH)2 + Q2% + PEG (M5), and Ca(OH)2 + Q4% + PEG (M6). They were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and rheological measurement, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro. Characteristic absorption bands of the source materials used in this research were observed in the FTIR spectra. The X-ray diffraction technique indicated that the material has a semi-crystalline structure and that the presence of calcium hydroxide made the biomaterial more crystalline. The viscosity measurement showed a pseudoplastic behavior of the studied samples. The microbiologic analysis was positive for all samples tested, with bigger inhibition zones for the samples M3 and M4. As a result, we conclude that the formulation developed based on chitosan is promising and has potential to be an intracanal medication.

Resumo -Para a obtenção de sementes de alta qualidade, é necessário o controle eficiente e rigoroso de todas as etapas de produção, desde a escolha das sementes na própria planta e beneficiamento. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência da ordem dos racemos na colheita dos frutos e de três sistemas de beneficiamento na qualidade das sementes de mamona. As sementes de mamoneira foram provenientes do campo de produção da cultivar BRS 149 Nordestina, instalado na Estação Experimental da Embrapa Algodão de Barbalha-CE. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, usando-se o esquema fatorial de 3 x 3, com quatro repetições, onde os fatores foram: colheita em três ordens de racemos (frutos colhidos dos racemos primários, secundários e terciários) e três sistemas de beneficiamento (manual, máquina descascadora manual e máquina descascadora mecânica). As sementes de cada tratamento foram submetidas aos testes de germinação, vigor, análise de pureza, teor de água e teor de óleo. Os racemos secundários e terciários produzem sementes com melhor qualidade fisiológica em relação aos primários. As sementes descascadas em máquina descascadora mecânica proporcionaram maior comprimento das plântulas, enquanto as sementes beneficiadas manualmente apresentaram maior teor de óleo.Palavras-chave -Época de colheita. Descascadora. Ricinus communis L.. Tipos de racemos.Abstract -To obtain high quality seeds, required efficient and accurate control of all stages of production are required, from selecting seeds in the plant itself and processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the order of racemes in fruit harvest and processing in three systems of quality of castor beans. The castor bean seeds were from the production field BRS 149 Nordestina, installed at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Algodão from Barbalha-CE. A completely randomized delineation was used, with a 3 x 3 factorial with four replications, where the factors were: harvest in three orders of racemes (primary, secondary, and tertiary harvested racemes) and three systems of processing (manual, manual machine, and mechanical machine peeling). The seeds from each treatment were subjected to germination tests, vigor, purity analysis, water content, and oil content. The secondary and tertiary racemes produce seeds with high physiological quality in relation to primary. The seeds peeled by a mechanical peeler machine provided greater seedling length, while the seeds processed manually had higher oil content.