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The purposes of this study were (a) to verify the agreement of categorization and ranks based on the actual power output measured by a force plate (PPact) and the estimated power output (PPest) from jump height and body mass (BM), and (b) to verify whether the ratio standard is adequate to scale the PPact for BM. The countermovement jumps of 309 male athletes were analyzed. The athletes were first categorized into tertiles (superior, intermediate, and inferior) according to PPact and PPest. After that the athletes were ranked (highest to lowest power output) according to PPact and PPest. The PPest equation explained 81% of PPact variance (standard error of estimate = 277.4 W). The PPest (3,757.1 ± 579.8 W) displayed similar mean values compared with PPact (3,757.1 ± 642.3 W). However, the agreement between the categories generated by PPact and PPest was only moderate (k = 0.6; p < 0.01), and in the intermediate tertile, the categorization differs 38.8%. The agreement between the ranks analyzed from a Bland-Altman plot shows bias zero, but a wide limits of agreement (81 ranks; 26.2%). For the PPact scaling, the ratio standard may be considered as an adequate method for removing the BM effect, considering the lack of correlation between the scaled PPact (PPact/BM) and BM, and also the confirmation of Tanner's special circumstance. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the athlete's power output was not appropriately categorized or ranked when using PPest. Furthermore, the use of the scaled PPact is recommended to fairly compare athletes with different BMs.

RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura, buscando elucidar quais as alterações psicológicas mais prevalentes em indivíduos acometidos por Artrite Reumatóide (AR). Pesquisou-se também a respeito do impacto do exercício físico sobre essas variáveis psicológicas, expondo quais protocolos de exercício que estão sendo empregues com a finalidade de melhorar a saúde mental desses pacientes. Apesar dos poucos estudos sobre o tema, pode-se verificar que os transtornos de ansiedade e de depressão apresentam maior prevalência nessa população. Em contraste, poucas evidências foram encontradas quanto ao maior risco de psicose, agressividade e alto nível de estresse. Paralelamente, desde que foi associado à AR pela primeira vez, na década de 50, o exercício físico vem demonstrando bons resultados no tratamento da doença, consolidando-se cada vez mais como ferramenta terapêutica para esses pacientes. Evidências emergem também em relação às alterações benéficas provocadas pelo exercício nas variáveis psicológicas, no entanto, mais estudos são necessários para o fortalecimento destes dados. Isso permitiria aos pacientes com AR tratamentos mais efetivos, com uma base científica sólida, visando a melhoria na qualidade de vida dentro de um aspecto mais amplo, onde a saúde mental desempenha um papel fundamental. Palavras-chave: artrite reumatóide, variáveis psicológicas, exercício físico ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to provide a literature review aiming to clarify the most prevalent psychological changes present in individuals suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the impact of exercise on such changes, and the exercise protocols commonly adopted to improve these individuals' mental health. The few studies available report anxiety disorders and depression as most prevalent and physical exercise as a significant therapeutic strategy for this population. There is some evidence of the beneficial effects of exercise on those psychological variables providing RA patients with more effective treatments.

This study aimed to analyze if the ratio standard or the allometry is the best scaling methods of handgrip strength (HGS) for body mass (BM) in judo athletes and nonathletes, and to verify if the HGS mean values are higher in judo athletes than nonathletes when the BM effect is removed. One hundred forty-two individuals, being 88 judo athletes and 54 nonathletes participated in this study. The maximal isometric HGS was measured in judo athletes and nonathletes in the preferred hand. Only the allometry method was able to remove the BM effect of HGS. The allometric exponents found for athletes was b= 0.68 and b= 0.563 for nonathletes. A common allometric exponent was identified as (b= 0.64) for comparing judo athletes and nonathletes. However, neither was able to allow for the comparison between groups due to a distortion of (bias; P< 0.01). Thus, an index (HGSINDEX) was proposed to allow within-group (judo athletes and nonathletes) and between-group (judo athletes vs. nonathletes) comparison, removing the effect of BM. In summary, the allometric exponent based on the theory of geometric similarity (b= 0.67) was able to remove the BM effect of HGS in judo athletes. An index (HGSINDEX) is suggested for classification (or rank) of the judoka in relation to the expected average of HGS.

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-The aim of this study was to compare the performance (1RM) of resistancetrained subjects, using different methods of adjusting for body mass (BM): ratio standard, theoretical allometric exponent (0.67), and specific allometric exponents. The study included 11 male and 11 female healthy non-athletes (mean age = 22 years) engaged in regular resistance training for at least 6 months. Bench press (BP), 45° leg press (LP) and arm curl (AC) exercises were performed, and the participants were ranked (in descending order) according to each method. The specific allometric exponents for each exercise were: for men -BP (0.73), LP (0.35), and AC (0.71); and for women -BP (1.22), LP (1.02), and AC (0.85). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no differences between the rankings. However, visual inspection indicated that the participants were often classified differently in relation to performance by the methods used. Furthermore, no adjusted strength score was equal to the absolute strength values (1RM). The results suggest that there is a range of values in which the differences between exponents do not reflect different rankings (below 0.07 points) and a range in which rankings can be fundamentally different (above 0.14 points). This may be important in long-term selection of universally accepted allometric exponents, considering the range of values found in different studies. The standardization of exponents may allow the use of allometry as an additional tool in the prescription of resistance training. Key words: Anthropometry; Muscle strength; Resistance training. Resumo -O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o desempenho (1RM) de praticantes de exercícios resistidos (ER), a partir de diferentes métodos de ajuste pela massa corporal (MC): ratio standard, expoente alométrico teórico (0,67) e expoentes alométricos específicos. Participaram do estudo 11 homens e 11 mulheres saudáveis, não-atletas, com média de idade de 22 anos, praticantes de ER há pelo menos seis meses. Foram utilizados os exercícios supino reto (SR), leg press 45º (LP) e rosca direta (RD), sendo realizado um ranqueamento (classificação decrescente) dos indivíduos de acordo com cada método. Os expoentes alométricos específicos para cada exercício encontrados foram, para homens 0,73 (SR), 0,35 (LP) e 0,71 (RD) e para mulheres 1,22 (SR), LP 1,02 (LP) e 0,85 (RD). O teste de postos de 314Comparison of performances using different methods Külkamp et al.

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