Introduction:The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of propofol-based deep sedation (PBDS) for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure in sick (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status III–IV) and nonsick (ASA physical status I–II) elderly patients in a teaching hospital in Thailand.Methods:We undertook a retrospective review of the anesthesia or sedation service records of elderly patients who underwent ERCP procedures from October 2007 to September 2008. All patients were classified into two groups according to the ASA physical status. In group A, the patients had ASA physical status I–II, while in group B, the patients had ASA physical status III–IV. The primary outcome variable of the study was the successful completion of the procedure. The secondary outcome variables were sedation-related adverse events during and immediately after the procedure.Results:There were 158 elderly patients who underwent ERCP procedure by using PBDS during the study period. Of these, 109 patients were in group A and 49 patients were in group B. There were no significant differences in age, gender, weight, duration of ERCP, indication of procedure, and the mean dose of fentanyl, propofol, and midazolam between the two groups. All patients in both groups successfully completed the procedure except eight patients in group A and three patients in group B (P = 0.781). Overall, respiratory and cardiovascular adverse events in both groups were not significantly different. All adverse events were easily treated, with no adverse sequelae.Conclusion:In the setting of a developing country, PBDS for ERCP procedure in sick elderly patients by trained anesthetic personnel with appropriate monitoring was safe and effective. The clinical efficacy of this technique in sick elderly patients was not different or worse than in nonsick elderly patients. Serious adverse events were rare in our population.
IntroductionModerate to deep sedation is generally used for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The depth of sedation is usually judged by clinical assessment and electroencephalography-guided monitoring. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of clinical assessment and NarcotrendTM monitoring during deep-sedated ERCP.MethodsOne hundred patients who underwent ERCP in a single year were randomly assigned to either group C or group N. Patients in group C (52) were sedated using the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale. Patients in group N (48) were sedated using the NarcotrendTM system. The MOAA/S scale 1 or 2 and the NarcotrendTM index 47–56 to 57–64 were maintained during the procedure. The primary outcome variable of the study was the successful completion of the endoscopic procedure. The secondary outcome variables were the total dose of propofol used during the procedure, complications during and immediately after procedure, and recovery time.ResultsAll endoscopies were completed successfully. The mean total dose of propofol in group C was significantly lower than that in group N. However, the mean dose of propofol, expressed as dose/kg or dose/kg/h in both groups, was not significantly different (P = 0.497, 0.136). Recovery time, patient tolerance and satisfaction, and endoscopist satisfaction were comparable between the two groups. All sedation-related adverse events during and immediately after the procedure, such as hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, transient hypoxia, and upper airway obstruction, in group C (62.2%) were significantly higher than in group N (37.5%) (P = 0.028).ConclusionClinical assessment and NarcotrendTM-guided sedation using propofol for deep sedation demonstrated comparable propofol dose and recovery time. Both monitoring systems were equally safe and effective. However, the NarcotrendTM-guided sedation showed lower hemodynamic changes and fewer complications compared with the clinical assessment-guided sedation.
IntroductionEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) procedures in elderly patients are on the rise, and they play an important role in the diagnosis and management of various gastrointestinal diseases. The use of deep sedation in these patients has been established as a safe and effective technique in Western countries; however, it is uncertain if the situation holds true among Asians. The present study aimed to evaluate the age-dependent safety analysis and clinical efficacy of propofol-based deep sedation (PBDS) for ERCP and EUS procedures in adult patients at a World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) Endoscopy Training Center in Thailand.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective review of anesthesia or sedation service records of patients who underwent ERCP and EUS procedures. All procedures were performed by staff endoscopists, and all sedations were administered by anesthesia personnel in the endoscopy room.ResultsPBDS was provided for 491 ERCP and EUS procedures. Of these, 252 patients (mean age, 45.1 + 11.1 years, range 17–65 years) were in the <65 age group, 209 patients (mean age, 71.7 + 4.3 years, range 65–80 years) were in the 65–80 year-old group, and 30 patients (mean age, 84.6 + 4.2 years, range 81–97 years) were in the >80 age group. Common indications for the procedures were pancreatic tumor, cholelithiasis, and gastric tumor. Fentanyl, propofol, and midazolam were the most common sedative drugs used in all three groups. The mean doses of propofol and midazolam in the very old patients were relatively lower than in the other groups. The combination of propofol, midazolam, and fentanyl, as well as propofol and fentanyl, were frequently used in all patients. Sedation-related adverse events and procedure-related complications were not statistically significantly different among the three groups. Hypotension was the most common complication.ConclusionIn the setting of the WGO Endoscopy Training Center in a developing country, PBDS for ERCP and EUS procedures in elderly patients by trained anesthesia personnel with appropriate monitoring is relatively safe and effective. Although adverse cardiovascular events, including hypotension, in this aged group is common, all adverse events were usually transient, mild, and easily treated, with no sequelae.
IntroductionParecoxib is occasionally used for analgesia in postprocedural patients. The clinical efficacy of parecoxib used for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is controversial. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical efficacy of preprocedure administration of parecoxib for therapeutic ERCP patients.MethodsEighty-five patients who underwent therapeutic ERCP in a single year were randomly assigned to normal saline group (C, n = 43) and parecoxib group (P, n = 42). Patients in group C received normal saline and those in group P received 40 mg of parecoxib intravenously in equivalent volume. Patients in both groups received the saline or parecoxib 60 seconds before administration of the sedative agents. All patients were monitored for the depth of sedation by using the NarcotrendTM monitor, maintaining stage D0–E0 during ERCP. All patients were oxygenated with 100% O2 via nasal cannula and sedated with 0.03 mg/kg of intravenous midazolam and 1 μg/kg of intravenous fentanyl as well as the titration of intravenous propofol. After the ERCP procedure, pethidine in an intramuscular dose of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was used as rescue medication. The pain scores (visual analog scale [VAS], 0–10) at 2, 12, and 24 hours post-ERCP, the total number of doses of pethidine used, the dose volume of pethidine used, patient satisfaction, endoscopist satisfaction, and complications were recorded.ResultsThere were no significant differences in sedative and analgesic agents used during the procedure, pain at 24 hours post-ERCP, endoscopist satisfaction, and complications in both groups. The total number of doses of pethidine used post-ERCP in group C was significantly higher than in group P. Additionally, the mean pain score at 2 and 12 hours post-ERCP in group C was significantly greater than in group P. Patient satisfaction in group P was higher than in group C.ConclusionPreprocedure administration of parecoxib for therapeutic ERCP patients was clinically effective. The analgesic efficacy of a standard dose of parecoxib was clearly demonstrated during the first 12 hours postprocedure. Additionally, patient satisfaction in the parecoxib group was also higher than in the control group.
physiological variables such as the patient's temperature, blood pressure and pulse at diagnosis of CDAD were recorded as were any haematological and biochemical investigations taken within 24 h of diagnosis. Results Hospital admissions between 14 and 30 days (p¼0.031), increasing co-morbidities (p¼0.05), systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg (p¼0.048) and heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute (p¼0.043) were significantly associated with increased 30-day mortality. There was a clear trend of increased mortality for increasing length of stay (LOS) on the current admission before development of diarrhoea (If LOS greater than 7 days before onset, p¼0.07), temperature <358C (p¼0.07), recent discharge from hospital within 30 days (p¼0.106) and to a lesser degree, low albumin (albumin <30 g/l p¼0.221) at the time of diagnosis, age >85 years (p¼0.947) and current PPI use (p¼0.224). From the data, a scoring system was derived whereby 1 point was given to the nonstatistically significant trends and 2 points to the statistically significant trends. If there were 1 to 3 co-morbidities, this was scored as 1 and greater than 3 co-morbidities scored as 2. There was a maximum score of 14. On applying this retrospectively to the existing database, 39 patients were identified where all the parameters in the scoring system were available. Of these, a score of 4 or less was associated with low risk of 30-day mortality (0% mortality in 13 patients). A score of 5 to 7 was associated with moderate risk of 30-day mortality (33.3% mortality in 15 patients) and a score of 8 or more to be associated with a high risk of 30-day mortality (72.7% mortality in 11 patients). Conclusion A simple scoring system holds promise for defining those patients at greatest risk of 30-day mortality from CDAD in our population. However a note of caution should be exercised. Applying a scoring system retrospectively to a dataset from which information has been used to derive the score does not validate it and a prospective study is planned to validate the York scoring system. Introduction Screening colonoscopy has not had a big impact in reducing right sided cancer mortality and it is believed that this could partly be due to sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) which are thought to be the precursors of microsatellite adenocarcinomas. In the UK, people from the age of 60 to 75 with positive faecal occult blood undergo screening colonoscopy. We aim to evaluate the prevalence and significance of SSLs in our screening population. Methods All colonoscopies performed between 2007 and 2011 were prospectively recorded on a screening database along with the histology. Pathology was reported as per standards laid out by the National screening programme by accredited Pathologists. Results We analysed 1948 polyps from a total of 1576 patients. 28/ 1948 polyps in 25/1576 patients were found to have sessile serrated lesions. This amounted to 1.4% of the total polyps found. Out of 25 patients, 13 patients were men. The prevalence of sessile serrated lesions in all patient...
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