No abstract
ABSTRAKDi era posmodernisme, sastra sering dianggap sebagai pemikiran. Salah satu karya sastra yang mencerminkan pemikiran adalah novel Metamorfosa karya Kafka. Melalui tokoh dan dunia yang ditampilkan, serta penceritaannya, Metamorfosa mampu merefleksikan pemikiran pengarang tentang masalah-masalah sosial, psikologi, dan politik masyarakat yang dipenuhi dengan dominasi dan kekuasaan. Kajian difokuskan pada dua pertanyaan. Pertama, metanarasi apa saja yang tergambar dalam novel Metamorfosa karya Kafka? Kedua, problematika sosial apa yang ditimbulkan dengan adanya metanarasi dalam novel Metamorfosa karya Kafka? Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori metanaratif Lyotard. Untuk menemukan dan mendeskripsikan metanarasi-metanarasi dalam Metamorfosa, digunakan konsep "differend" dan "fragmentasi" yang dikemukakan oleh Lyotard. Kajian menghasilkan temuan bahwa novel Metamorfosa merefleksikan pemikiran Kafka mengenai kesewenangwenangan yang disebabkan oleh metanarasi-metanarasi yang berkembang di masyarakat. Kesewenangwenangan tercermin dalam tiga fragmen, yakni kesewenangwenangan dalam dunia kerja, kesewenangwenangan dalam keluarga, dan kesewenangwenangan dalam lingkungan sosial. Melalui tiga fragmen tersebut dapat dilihat penyimpangan yang dilakukan pihak-pihak yang kuat, yang menimbulkan penderitaan, bahkan kehancuran yang berakhir dengan kematian bagi pihak yang lain.Kata Kunci: metanarasi, metanaratif, differend, fragmentasi ABSTRACTIn the era of postmodernism, literature is often regarded as thought. This was reflected on one of the literary works of Kafka, the Metamorphosis novel. Through the characters and the world displayed, as well as the story, Metamorphosis is able to reflect the author's thoughts on the social, psychological, and political issues of society populated with domination and power. This study focused on two questions. First, what metanaration is reflected in Kafka's Metamorphosis novel? Second, what social problems are caused by the metanarations in Kafka's Metamorphosis novel? The study was conducted using Lyotard's metanarative theory. To find and describe the metanarations in Metamorphosis, the concept of "differend" and "fragmentation" proposed by Lyotard were used. This study shows that the Metamorphosis novel reflects Kafka's thinking about the arbitrariness/domination caused by
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