Objective To examine baseline characteristics and biochemically verified 1-, 4-, and 6-month tobacco quit rates among college students enrolled in a Quit and Win cessation trial, comparing those who concurrently smoke both hookah and cigarettes with those who deny hookah use. Methods Analyses were conducted on data from 1,217 college students enrolled in a Quit and Win tobacco cessation randomized clinical trial from 2010–2012. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analyses examined group differences in baseline characteristics and cotinine verified 30-day abstinence at 1, 4, and 6-month follow-up, adjusting for baseline covariates. Results Participants smoked 11.5(±8.1) cigarettes per day on 28.5(±3.8) days/month, and 22% smoked hookah in the past 30 days. Hookah smokers (n=270) were more likely to be male (p<0.0001), younger (p<0.0001), report more binge drinking (p<0.0001) and score higher on impulsivity (p<0.001). MLR results indicate that hookah users, when compared to non-users, had a 36% decrease in odds of self-reported 30-day abstinence at 4-months (OR= 0.64, 95% CI=0.45–0.93, p=0.02) and a 63% decrease in odds in biochemically verified continuous abstinence at 6-months (OR = 0.37, CI=0.14–0.99, p=0.05). Conclusion College cigarette smokers who concurrently use hookah display several health risk factors and demonstrate lower short and long-term tobacco abstinence rates.
Background and Aims Quit & Win (Q&W) contests (in which smokers pledge to quit smoking for a defined period in exchange for the chance to win a prize) may be well-suited for college smokers. We tested the effectiveness of multiple versus single Q&W contests and that of added counselling versus no counselling in smoking cessation. Design A two-by-two, randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. Setting Nineteen institutions in Minnesota, Texas, Ohio and Wisconsin. Participants College student smokers (N=1,217) were randomized within site to four conditions, single (n = 306) or multiple contests alone (n = 309) and single contest plus counselling (n = 296) or multiple contests with counselling (n = 306). Intervention Participants in the standard contest condition (Tx1 and Tx2) were asked to abstain from all tobacco products for a 30-day period; those with confirmed abstinence were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Participants assigned to the multiple contest conditions (Tx3 and Tx4) participated in the 30-day contest and were automatically enrolled into two additional contest periods with an escalating prize structure. Participants randomized into the counselling conditions (Tx2 and Tx4) received up to six telephone-administered Motivation and Problem Solving (MAPS) counselling sessions over the 12-week treatment period. Measures The primary outcome was biochemically verified 30-day point prevalence (PP) abstinence rate at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were the same abstinence at end-of-treatment (4 months) and a proxy measure of 6-month verified continuous abstinence rate. Outcomes were based on all participants randomized. Findings We found no evidence of an interaction between number of contests and counselling. Abstinence rates for multiple (13.5%) and single (11.7%) contests were not significantly different at 6-month (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84-1.66). The addition of counselling did not significantly improve 6-month abstinence (13.7% versus 11.6%, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.86-1.70). Multiple contests increased abstinence at 4-months (19.3% versus 10.3%, OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.50-2.91) and continuous abstinence at 6-months (7.8% versus 3.8%, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28-3.56). Conclusion Multiple Quit and Win contests may increase smoking abstinence rates in college students more than single contests but it is not clear whether adding counselling to these interventions produces any additional benefit.
Objectives To investigate the social contingencies associated with participation in a college Quit and Win contest to promote smoking cessation. Methods Six focus groups (N = 27)were conducted with college students who participated in a Quit and Win research trial. Results Themes included: 1) participants reluctant to disclose quit decision; 2) perception of little support in their quit attempt, and 3) the social environment as a trigger for relapse. Conclusion Although Quit and Win contests appear to motivate an initial quit attempt, the reluctance of smokers to disclose their quit attempt limits the potential positive impact of social support when utilizing this public service campaign.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)—atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and arteries of the lower extremities—affects 12 million Americans. African Americans (AAs) are more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to suffer from PAD. When compared to non-Hispanic whites with PAD, AAs with PAD have more severe disease and a greater reduction in walking distance, speed, and/or stair climbing. AAs with PAD are at increased risk for disease progression and worsening lower limb function. Reasons for the higher risk for disease progression have not been defined. One potential modifiable risk is a lower level of physical activity. Lower levels of physical activity are more common among African American seniors. Walking is a common type of physical activity. The benefits of walking therapy are only realized if the patient adheres to such therapy. Efforts are needed to increase walking in AAs with PAD. Additionally, risk factor management is key to reducing adverse events in AAs with PAD-yet few studies have targeted this high-risk group. In this paper, we discuss the management of PAD in AAs. Identifying current gaps will help to inform clinicians, researchers, and policy makers on next steps in identifying innovative approaches to increase home-based walking and reduce walking impairment in AAs with PAD.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.