Objectives: To map the alcohol hot spots and understand the Sociodemographic Indices (SDI) affecting alcohol consumption in Indian men and women.Methods: Data from National Family Health Survey-4 carried out from 2015 to 2016 with a sample size of 103,411 men and 699,686 women were used for Geographic Information System mapping, and hot spot identification by spatial statistics (Getis-Ord Gi*). Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze SDI.Results: India has three major alcohol hot spots: (1) North-East (NE) states, (2) Eastern Peninsular states formed by Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Telangana, and (3) Southern states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Hot spot analysis strongly correlated with region-wise analysis of SDI. Respondents who consumed tobacco have higher odds (men adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.42; women aOR: 4.30) of consuming alcohol. Except for religion and social category, other socioeconomic factors have a low to moderate effect on alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Hot spots and high-risk districts of alcohol consumption identified in this study can guide public health policies for targeted intervention. Alcohol use is at the discretion of individual states and union territories, and stringent anti-alcohol policies strictly enforced across India are the keys to control alcohol use.
Background Dengue and chikungunya (CHIKV) are the two major vector-borne diseases of serious public health concern in India. Studies on socioeconomic and housing determinants of dengue and CHIKV at a pan-India level are lacking. Here, we took advantage of the recently carried out Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) carried out across all the states and Union Territories of India to study the social indicators of dengue and CHIKV in India. Methods LASI-1 (2017-2018) data on the self-reported period prevalence of dengue and CHIKV from 70,932 respondents aged ≥45 years were used for this analysis. The state-wise distribution of dengue and CHIKV was mapped. Prevalence was estimated for each study variable, and the difference was compared using the χ2 test. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of the socioeconomic and housing variables for dengue and CHIKV were estimated using the multiple logistic regression model. Results Urban residence is the major socio-economic indicator of dengue and CHIKV (dengue AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.11; CHIKV AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.36-2.49). The other notable indicator is wealth; rich respondents have higher odds of dengue and CHIKV. Adults older than 54 years and those with high school education and above are associated with a lower likelihood of dengue and CHIKV. In addition, CHIKV is associated with scheduled and forward castes, households with improper toilet facilities, open defecation, and kutcha house type. Conclusions Despite the limitation that the data is only from adults ≥ 45, this analysis provides important insights into the socioeconomic and housing variables associated with higher odds of dengue and CHIKV in India. Understanding these determinants may assist in the national planning of prevention and control strategies for dengue and CHIKV.
BackgroundDengue and chikungunya (CHIKV) are the two major vector-borne diseases of serious public health concern in India. Studies on socio-economic and housing determinants of dengue and CHIKV at a pan-India level are lacking. Here, we took advantage of the recently carried out Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) carried across all the States and Union Territories of India to study the social determinants of dengue and CHIKV in India.MethodsLASI-1 (2017-2018) data on the self-reported period prevalence of dengue and CHIKV from 70,865 respondents aged ≥45 years were used for this analysis. The State-wise distribution of dengue and CHIKV was mapped. Prevalence was estimated for each study variable, and the difference was compared using the χ2 test. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of the socio-economic and housing variables for dengue and CHIKV were calculated using a multiple logistic regression model.ResultsUrban residence is the major socio-economic determinant of dengue and CHIKV (dengue: AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.17-2.10; CHIKV: AOR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20-2.02). Wealth status (richest) and less than primary schooling are associated with dengue and CHIKV prevalence. In addition to these factors, social group (scheduled and forward castes) is also associated with CHIKV prevalence. Water-source outside the dwelling (AOR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.96-1.50), pucca or semi- pucca house type are also associated with increased odds of CHIKV. ConclusionsDespite the limitation that the data is only from adults ≥ 45, this analysis provides important insights into the socio-economic and housing variables that increase the odds of dengue and CHIKV in India. Understanding these determinants may assist in the national planning of prevention and control strategies for dengue and CHIKV.
BackgroundAlcohol consumption is a serious health crisis in India that needs urgent attention. An estimated 160 million Indians consume alcohol. Despite the widespread alcohol use across India, there is no information on the alcohol hot spots. Along with hot spots, understanding the Socio-Demographic Indices (SDI) affecting alcohol consumption in Indian men and women will help guide public health policies on alcohol use. MethodsData from National Family Health Survey-4 carried out from 2015-2016 with a sample size of 103 411 men and 699 686 women were used for the analysis. Epidemiology of alcohol use was mapped by Geographic Information System, and hot spots were identified by spatial statistics (Getis-OrdGi*). Bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were used to analyse SDI. ResultsIndia has three major alcohol hot spots: (1) North East (NE) states, (2) Eastern Peninsular states formed by Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand and Telangana, and (3) Southern states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Among these hot spots, the districts of Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Assam fall under high risk category. Hot spot analysis strongly correlated with region-wise analysis of SDI. South (Men aOR - 1.0, 95% CI: 39.1 - 42.1) and NE India (Men aOR - 0.6, 95% CI: 38.4 - 42.6; Women aOR - 2.05, 95% CI: 6.4 - 7.5) have higher odds of alcohol use. Schedule tribe men (aOR-1.67, 95% CI: 1.53-1.82) and women (aOR-5.99, 95% CI: 4.71-7.63) have higher odds of alcohol consumption. Compared to other religions, Muslim men (aOR: 0.11) and women (aOR: 0.06) consume less alcoholConclusionsHot spots and, high risk districts of alcohol consumption identified in this study can guide public health policies for targeted intervention. Except for religion and social category, other socio-economic factors have a low to moderate effect on alcohol consumption. India does not have concrete anti-alcohol policies at the national level. Alcohol use is at the discretion of individual states and union territories, and appears to be the major determinant of alcohol use in India. Stringent anti-alcohol policies strictly enforced across India is the key to control alcohol use.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.