Regarding to the ageing population in most countries, degenerative and metabolism diseases included osteoporosis are becoming increasingly and need special attention in all country especially in the developing country such as Indonesia. Current WHO recommendation of using a gold standard for establishing osteoporosis is by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), but it is expensive and not yet widely available. There are some alternatives of biochemical markers that can reflect the bone turn over. One of them is Cterminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) or betacrosslabs, a marker of bone resorbtion. There are still limited studies on correlation of CTX and osteoporosis in peri menopausal and post menopausal women. The aim of this study is to know whether there are any differences of CTX level among peri menopausal and post menopausal women with different bone density. This research was a cross sectional study and aimed to know whether there is any correlation between CTX level and Bone Mineral Density Score measured with DEXA. The study was conducted in June-August 2010. The included subjects were women with age more than 45 years old, without apparent history of neoplasm, impaired renal function, bone metabolic diseases, and not currently pregnant. CTX level were measured using immunochemiluminescent. Their data were analysed using One Way ANOVA. This study showed that there are differences of CTX levels among women with osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal (0.633±0.25 ng/mL vs 0.514±0.21 ng/mL vs 0.406±0.21 ng/mL p=0.02). Osteoporosis women have higher CTX level compared to Osteopenia and Normal women.
The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity, antiproliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest induced by Coleus tuberosus flesh and peel extracted with ethanol. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenylpricrylhydrazyl and cellular antioxidant assays, and the antiproliferative activity was determined using the 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle arrest, and acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining was used to assess apoptosis-induced ability. The results show that the C. tuberosus peel extract has higher antioxidant activity than the flesh extract. Coleus tuberosus flesh ethanol extract (CFEE) and C. tuberosus peel ethanol extracts' (CPEE) antioxidant activities inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ) were 1290.00±1.58g/ml and 310.97±0.32µg/ ml, respectively. The C. tuberosus peel extract has greater antiproliferative activity than the flesh extract. The C. tuberosus flesh and peel extracts had antiproliferative activities (IC 50 ) of 651.35±4.24 and 366.41±3.52µg/ml, respectively. The flesh and peel extracts cause apoptosis in HeLa cells. Cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 (M) and cell cycle inhibition in G0-G1 are caused by the C. tuberosus peel extract. According to this study, the CFEE and CPEEs have the potential to be a source of natural antioxidants and antiproliferation of cervical cancer.
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