Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases around the world. However, Harley and Pastore in 2012 proposed a new circumscription for this large genus, reducing its number of species, but supporting its monophyly. Hyptis and Peltodon were used as keywords, and triage of articles was performed using genus delimitation sensu Harley and Pastore. Only 29 species have some type of record in the literature for their medicinal use and chemical description, corresponding to 20% of the 148 species. Most cited biological activities were the antioxidant activity, reported for 9% of the species, and the antifungal activity reported for 5% of the species. For 11% of the species was described the essential oil composition, while non-volatile compounds were reported for only 6% of them. Terpenes, flavonoids, and caffeic acid derivatives are the most reported compounds for this genus. Only 8% of the species are reported as medicinal, with potential as antibacterial and antiparasitic, pointing to relevance of Hyptis to bioprospecting studies, especially in South America and Africa. However, there is a lack of studies regarding isolated compounds concerning their toxicology and efficacy, important information to achieve the production and the effective use of Hyptis as a herbal medicine.

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The bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are represented by three lineages: Marchantyophyta (liverworts), Anthocerotophyta (hornworts), and Bryophyta (mosses). They occupy a wide variety of habitats, from deserts to Antarctica, and exercise great ecological importance. These facts and their wide use in traditional medicine raise the question of what is known about moss chemistry. This paper gathered studies from the last 52 years about the compounds identified in mosses, aiming to address the following questions: Are mosses chemically under-studied? How many families, genera, and species of mosses have been chemically studied? Which continent and countries have been responsible for the majority of these studies? A literature search was performed in major scientific databases, using a combination of keywords. A total of 199 papers were compiled, of which 45% were published during the last decade. Only a small percentage of moss species has been studied, mostly from Europe and Asia. Dicranales and Hypnales are the most studied orders. In general, fatty acids and flavonoids are the most commonly reported classes of compounds. Biflavonoids and triflavonoids are detected mainly in derived clades of mosses, while coumarins are most reported for basal groups. Akthough only a small percentage of moss species has been chemically studied, most of these studies were published in the last decade—there has been a 135% increase in the number of reported compounds in the last 13 years. The emergence of new equipment, which can produce high-resolution spectra with small amounts of sample, combined with bioinformatics tools, has undoubtedly contributed to the increase of chemical investigation of mosses. Also, advances in the identification and phylogenetics of moss groups are contributing to a better understanding of them generally, which should lead also to increased study of moss chemistry.

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Combined enhanced UV‐B radiation and drought may induce different morphological and physiological alterations in plants than either abiotic stress alone. We evaluated morphology, biomass, and primary and secondary metabolism changes in seedlings of two common bean cultivars, IAC Imperador (drought‐resistant) and IAC Milênio. To test the hypothesis that cultivars responded differently to combined stresses in a controlled environment, seedlings of the examined been cultivars were exposed to UV‐B and/or drought treatments for three weeks. The cultivars behaved differently, especially to the drought treatment, suggesting that they use different mechanisms to cope with unfavorable environmental conditions. IAC Imperador showed a stronger protective response, modifying wax composition and primary metabolism, and improving its resistance to UV‐B radiation. For IAC Imperador, the accumulation of cuticular wax and alkane was higher under combined stress but production of primary alcohols was reduced, suggesting a possible fatty acyl switch. Root/shoot length and biomass ratios increased in both cultivars, particularly for the combined stress, indicating a common plant response. We show that these two bean cultivars responded more strongly to UV‐B and combined stress than drought alone as evident in changes to their chemistry and biology. This shows the importance of investigating plant morphological and physiological responses to combined stress.

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