The development of disaster studies is currently very fast. Disaster events from year to year are a record as well as data on how disasters are very detrimental to human survival as a history. We need a disaster preparedness in anticipation of disaster management by paying attention to the history of disasters and their countermeasures. The authors are interested in analyzing the data from a national security perspective. The research approach used was a descriptive quantitative approach which aims to analyze and describe the history of disasters and disaster management in Indonesia. Sources of data in this study were secondary data in the form of DesInvertar Indonesia and Indonesian Disaster Risk Index data (IRBI). The data analysis technique used was the quantitative method through univariate analysis of the research variables. This research contributes to the latest knowledge regarding the history of disasters and their countermeasures in Indonesia from a national security perspective. The results showed that the incidence of disasters was increasingly varied which caused losses in society. Disasters that occurred in all regions of Indonesia in the period 1815 to 2019 were dominated by climate-induced disasters such as floods with a total of 10,438 events, landslides totaling 6,050 incidents, 2,124 drought events, and forest and land fires totaling 1,914 events. There is an increasing trend of disaster incidents every year, where the total number of disasters in 1815 amounted to 1 increased to 3,885 incidents in 2019. Maintaining national security through disaster risk management is absolutely necessary for the sovereignty of a country, so that good disaster management is a form of protection for the entire nation from all threats, especially national security threats originating from non-military threats in the disaster aspect.
Background The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has caused over a hundred thousand deaths and has affected countries and economies worldwide. Due to the absence of a vaccine, the most effective way to reduce transmission of the virus is by applying social distancing practices. Exploring factors that determine whether people adopt social distancing measures is, therefore, critical to reducing the spread of the virus. This study aimed to investigate people’s intentions to socially distance based on the extended Theory of Planned Behavior. An online survey of 823 individuals was conducted and their responses analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. Results Study found that the factors influencing the intention to perform social distancing were subjective norms and perceived behavior control. Risk perception affected attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Media exposure was found to determine attitudes, subjective norms, and risk perceptions. The relationship between attitudes and intentions, and media use and perceived behavior control were not significant. The better and effective risk communication that can change the level of risk perception, raise family and religious leader as well as increase to control behavior are the keys to people’s perform social distancing. Results from a multigroup analysis revealed partial differences across demographic variables. Younger individuals showed a stronger relationship between the influence of risk perception and PBC and media use on risk perception. The predictive strength of subjective norms from risk perception and risk perception from media use was more strongly associated with rural populations. Conclusions The results of study provide an initial understanding of the level of the public’s risk perception to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Findings also revealed the role of media use in determining risk perception, attitudes and subjective norms. Effective risk communication can change the level of risk perception, attitudes and subjective norms and, in turn, change people’s intention to socially distance. This study may add to the literature, as it explores notions of behavioral changes in the context of an infectious disease pandemic. These results provide a framework for both policymakers and practitioners to formulate interventions for effective social distancing practices in the future.
BackgroundDue to the absence of a vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, the most effective way to reduce transmission of the virus is by applying social distancing practices. Exploring factors that determine whether people adopt social distancing measures is, therefore, critical to reducing the spread of the virus. This study aimed to investigate people’s intentions to socially distance based on the extended Theory of Planned Behavior. MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to the sample population and collected through social media online and WhatsApp groups from March 26, 2020 to March 29, 2020. There were 823 analyzed out of 1,870 responses. The extended TPB variables and risk perception were measured using a 7-point scale (scored from 1-7). Data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling method.ResultsStudy found that the factors influencing the intention to perform social distancing were subjective norms and perceived behavior control. Risk perception affected attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Media exposure was found to determine attitudes, subjective norms, and risk perceptions. The relationship between attitudes and intentions, and media use and perceived behavior control were not significant. The better and effective risk communication that can change the level of risk perception, raise family and religious leader as well as increase to control behavior are the keys to people’s perform social distancing. Results from a multigroup analysis revealed that younger individuals showed a stronger relationship between the influence of risk perception and PBC and media use on risk perception. The predictive strength of subjective norms from risk perception and risk perception from media use was more strongly associated with rural populations. Conclusions The results of study provide an initial understanding of the level of the public’s risk perception to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Findings also revealed the role of media use in determining risk perception, attitudes and subjective norms and, in turn, change people’s intention to socially distance. This study may add to the literature of behavioral changes in pandemic and provide a framework for both policymakers and practitioners to formulate effective interventions in the future.
[Analysis of the History, Impact and Management of Earthquake Disaster during the Covid-19 Pandemic in West Sulawesi] Geographical, demographic, sociological, meteorological and climatological conditions of Indonesia make Indonesia in a disaster-prone area (natural, non-natural, and social). This condition can be used as a laboratory to produce disaster experts, knowledge and technology in Indonesia. Law 24/2007 as a framework for disaster management systems in Indonesia currently prioritizes the disaster mitigation paradigm so that a strong commitment and participation of all parties is needed to build and run this system properly. However, currently Indonesia is faced with multiple disasters that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is supported by data on the earthquake disaster in West Sulawesi on January 15, 2021 which occurred amid the potential for the spread of Covid-19 infection. The character of the risk in this problem is how to minimize the time for evacuation, emergency response and recovery of community conditions without neglecting the potential for transmission of Covid-19 infection. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of BNPB volunteer desks, BNPB current situation reports and population data and civil records. The data analysis technique uses quantitative methods through univariate analysis. The results showed that the history of disaster recorded that in
<p>Teknologi yang semakin berkembang dan maju di sektor bisnis telah membuat pelaku Usaha Kecil dan Mengengah melakukan inovasi pelayanan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan teknologi <em>e-commerce</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh faktor teknologi, organisasi, lingkungan terhadap adopsi <em>e-commerce</em> dan kinerja serta menganalisis pengaruh adopsi <em>e-commerce</em> terhadap kinerja UKM. Objek penelitian ini adalah UKM yang berada di Kabupaten Subang. Teknik <em>probability sampling</em> yang digunakan adalah <em>Multistage Random Sampling</em> untuk menentukan sampel penelitian. Sejumlah 87 UKM di Kabupaten Subang dijadikan responden. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa faktor teknologi dan organisasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap adopsi <em>e-commerce</em> dan faktor yang memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja UKM adalah teknologi dan adopsi <em>e-commerce</em>. Adanya layanan jasa berupa <em>e-commerce,</em> konsumen dapat mengakses serta melakukan pesanan dari berbagai tempat, maka segala layanan yang diinginkan oleh para konsumen dapat segera ditindaklanjuti. Dengan demikian UKM di Kabupaten Subang akan mampu memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik. Sehingga, sanggup meningkatkan penjualan dan laba, efisiensi, serta kepuasan konsumen. Penelitian ini tiba pada suatu saran bahwa UKM yang telah memanfaatkan <em>e-commerce </em>harus diikuti dengan pemahaman mengenai pengendalian akses dan keamanan <em>e-commerce</em> itu sendiri bukan hanya bisa memakainya saja. Oleh sebab itu, apabila teknologi digital yang digunakan masih baru, para pemilik UKM dengan segera harus mempersiapkan fasilitas pelatihan kepada karyawan yang ada meskipun dengan modal yang tidak sedikit.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>Technology that is increasingly developing and advanced in the business sector has made business actors to innovate services related to the use of technology e-commerce. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of technological, organizational, environmental factors on adoption e-commerce and the performance of SMEs and analyze the effect of adoption e-commerce on the performance of SMEs. The object of this research is SMEs in Subang Regency. The probability sampling technique used is Multistage Random Sampling to determine the research sample. A total of 87 SMEs in Subang Regency were used as respondents. The results of this study prove that technology and organizational factors have a significant positive effect on adoption e-commerce and factors that have a significant positive influence on SME performance are technology and adoption e-commerce. The existence of services in the form of e-commerce, consumers can access and place orders from various places, then all services desired by consumers can be immediately followed up. Thus, SMEs in Subang Regency will be able to provide the best service. Thus, it can increase sales and profits, efficiency, as well as customer satisfaction. This research arrives at a suggestion that SMEs who have used e-commerce should be followed by an understanding of access control and security of e-commerce itself, not only can use it. Therefore, if the digital technology used is still new, SME owners must immediately prepare training facilities for existing employees, even with large amounts of capital.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
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