<p>This study aims to determine and explain the management arrangements for petroleum mining in old wells based on the principle of social justice. This study uses normative research methods with data sources in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the management of petroleum mining in old wells does not yet reflect the principle of social justice because the regulations governing mining occur overlapping multiple interpretations, conflictual and disobedient principles, which in turn creates disharmony between one rule and another.</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Keywords:</strong> Social Justice; Equitable Benefits; Community Participation.</p>
The government has issued various policies to overcome overcapacity in prisons, but the important question that needs to be asked is whether these policies have restored the rights of victims of criminal acts of Information and Electronic Transactions. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method that examines secondary data. Data collection is carried out in the form of laws and regulations, reference books, and previous studies. The results of the research show that there is a need for the urgency of the application of restorative justice in criminal acts of Information and Electronic Transactions in Indonesia and what are the obstacles to the application of restorative justice in handling cases of criminal acts of Information and Electronic Transactions.
Indonesia has the potential for oil from old wells of 10,000 barrels per day, but this potential is not optimally regulated. Hence, its management cannot realise social justice. This research aims to provide a prescription for the distribution of benefits and public participation in managing petroleum in old wells because all provisions for old wells do not accommodate the public interest. This research uses normative legal research utilising a statutory, conceptual, and case approach to analyse the regulation policy related to old wells management. Data were collected by investigating primer and seconder legal material. The results show that the distribution of benefits related to profit-sharing for oil management services at old wells did not reflect justice. Thus, it is causing a lot of illegal mining activities. Moreover, public participation in determining policies is still at the pseudo participation (informing level). Therefore the actual participation has not been accommodated in related regulations of old wells management.
Geothermal utilization is generally used as clean green energy because of its contribution to gradually eliminating high carbon energy. However, in practice, geothermal damage to the environment, even regulation of its utilization does not guarantee environmental justice. This research study aims to determine environmentally just geothermal regulations to eliminate negative environmental impacts and public rejection of geothermal utilization. This study uses normative legal research. The results of this study indicate that geothermal potential can replace high-carbon energy even though it still has a damaging impact on the environment. Community rejection occurs in various areas where geothermal exploitation occurs in conservation forest areas. Geothermal energy regulation in Indonesia is no more pro-ecological than in the USA. Based on the analysis of the legal gap between the theory of ecological justice and the legal triangle and energy policy, it is found that the principles of geothermal regulation must prioritize ecology, not mere exploitation. The findings of this study are strengthening the principles of geothermal regulation based on ecological justice. Standardization of handling and monitoring of environmental impacts must be carried out in an integrated manner based on area category to avoid the widening of the ecological impact of geothermal utilization which results in rejection of the next project.
The government and the House of Representatives have ratified Law Number 11 concerning Job Creation for the Year 2020; the regulation aims to simplify and harmonize laws and regulations, as well as increase investment in Indonesia; however, an important question that must be addressed is whether the rule's content can provide justice and benefits to people living in forest areas. The purpose of this research is to mechanism for imposing administrative sanctions for communities living in forest areas after the enforcement of the job creation act. The study's findings suggest that the government should ensure that the provisions of Articles 110A and 110B are implemented correctly, namely for the benefit of the community in forest areas, by collecting adequate data and preparing data-based implementing regulations, as well as restoring the goals and functions of administrative sanctions that do not require judicial intervention. Administrative punishments are required for environmental restoration as part of the government's rehabilitation coercion. This administrative sanction can be used for both Article 110A and 110B offenses.
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