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Clipping little bluestem, big bluestem, and indiangrass for 3 successive years at the seed-ripened stage or later increased yields and spring-initiated tillering of plants in a prairie-like glade grassland in the Missouri Ozarks. Clipping at any time during the summer reduced yields, but clipping between floral initiation and anthesis was the most damaging to plants.
Selaginella densa, small clubmoss, is an important component of central Montana foothill grasslands. In an area where it occupied 10—20% of the soil surface, above—ground biomass was 42—101 g/m2. Soils growing S. densa were shallower, more rocky or gravelly, but less sandy, than soils without this species. High levels of fertility, shading and mulch reduced, but additional water increased, its cover. Contrary to other reports, we found a greater decrease in cover on areas grazed intensively than on areas protected for 4 years. Cover on moderately grazed sites or on adjacent protected areas did not change.
Abstract. Descriptive studies were made of the flora and vegetation on five 17-to 20-year old surface mines that originally had been partly or entirely planted with herbaceous and woody species. A rich flora was found on these mines as a result of natural secondary succession and artificial plantings. Certain similarities in vegetation were evident at all sites; yet, distinct differences existed that appeared to be influenced by site and minesoil characteristics, planted species, and contiguous plant communities. Plantings of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacaci8.) were being replaced by native and naturalized flora characteristic of various seral stages of secondary succession. Important invading trees included Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) , red maple (Acer rubrum) , yellowpoplar, (Liriodendron tulipifera), sweetgum (Liguidambar styraciflua), white ash (Fraxinus americana), river birch (Betula nigra), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), and black locust. A Virginia pine-mixed hardwoods stand at one site and mixed hardwoods stands at four sites were the major vegetation types present. All of the sites were floristically riCh; 350 and 360 taxa were documented at two of the sites. At a third mine, site indices of 18-year old planted trees were similar to those of trees in adjacent unmined forest. Results of these studies indicate that potentially productive forests are reestablishing on older surfacemined sites in southeastern Kentucky.
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