T his research studies the effect of operating temperature and particle size on the yield of liquid products fr om the pyrolysis process of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste. For the experiment, the EPS samples were collected, washed and crush e d, likewise a pretreatment was carried out in which the residues wer e heated at 150 °C for 10 min to reduce their volume, preserving the initial mass. T he pretreated sample was ground and sieved into t wo different particle sizes (0-5 and 5-10 mm). For the experiments, a horizontal tubular reactor was used, which operated at a pressure of 34.66 kPa for 3 hours and at a heating rate of 10 ºC/min. Pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 400, 450, 500 and 550°C, varying with the two particle sizes indicated above. It was determined that the operating temperature and particle size have a direct effect on the performance of liquid products. Likewise, the operating conditions that maximize the yield of liquid products were the temperature of 550 °C and the particle size of 5-10 mm, obtaining a yield of liquid products of 97.8%, gaseous products of 1.2% an d solid products of 1.0%.
A multiple regression analysis was performed to automatically fit a model for optimizing the performance of liquid fuels obtained from the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The test version of the "Minitab 17" software was used, being the objective value, the yield of liquid products, and as variables, the pyrolysis operation temperature and the particle size of the sample. From the model, it was found that the operating conditions that maximize the performance of liquid fuels are a pyrolysis operating temperature of 557.8 °C and a particle size of 3 cm. It was possible to determine that the liquid products obtained contained fractions of 18% gasoline cut, 32% Naphtha/Kerosene, 28% diesel cut, and 22% residual. Likewise, a chemical composition analysis was carried out in which it was determined that the liquid products contained hydrocarbons, aromatics, halogenated, sulfur, and oxygenated components.
Oily Sludge (OS) is a complex combination of oil and water emulsions with suspended solid impurities. These have high viscosity and stable emulsions that prevent the settling of solid components. It is estimated that one ton of crude oil produces between 0.3% and 0.5% of OS. Pyrolysis is a process in which the raw material is heated to high temperatures (400-1000 °C) in a reactor without oxygen or in an anaerobic atmosphere. This causes the breaking of C-C and C-H bonds in the compound, producing lower molecular weight hydrocarbons in the form of condensed liquids or non-condensable gases. The research aimed to determine whether vacuum pyrolysis is a suitable treatment for disposing of oily sludge from crude oil storage tanks in northeastern Peru. It also evaluated how the pyrolysis operating temperature influences the yield of liquid, solid, and gaseous products. Vacuum pyrolysis was carried out on a sample of oily sludge from oil production operations inLot IX in Talara, Peru. The yield of liquid, solid, and gaseous products was evaluated, and the liquid hydrocarbon fraction was characterized. The best results were achieved at a temperature of 550 °C and a pressure of 31.33 kPa abs. The yield of liquid products (crude oil and water) was 81.4%, while that of solid products reached 10.3% and that of gases was 8.3%. The liquid hydrocarbon obtained under these conditions has a density of 864 kg/m3, a viscosity at 50 °C of 6.88 cSt, and a higher heating value of 40.16 MJ/kg. It is concluded that pyrolysis is a useful process for disposing of oily sludge.
The present research studies the modeling and estimating of the physicochemical properties of the liquid fuel obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis of disposable masks. The modeling and simulation of a liquid fuel stream obtained using the DWSIM Process Simulator (free software) was carried out, experimental results of the Distillation at 760 mmHg (ASTM D86) test were taken, and the simulator's distillation curve tool was used. Likewise, the Cold Flow properties estimation tool and the heating power estimation supplement were used to estimate the results. A comparison of the estimated results with the experimental results is performed, as well as a comparison of the results obtained with the technical specifications of Diesel B5 S-50. It is concluded that it is possible to model and simulate a liquid fuel stream obtained from disposable masks, and the estimation of the gross heating power and density properties of a liquid product stream of disposable masks are considered good estimates (error less than 5%). Likewise, it is concluded that the liquid product obtained from the pyrolysis of disposable masks is within the technical specifications of Diesel B5 S-50 for the analyzed parameters.
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