Hydroxylation by housefly microsomes, using naphthalene-1-C14 as substrate, has been tested as a possible site of action of the pyrethrin synergists. Five commercial and nine noncommercial compounds containing the methylenedioxyphenyl structure were inhibitory of this process. Inhibitory concentrations range from 10_2M for piperonylic acid to 1 CT5M for safrole and isosafrole. Of the commercial synergists, piperonyl cyclonene is the most potent inhibitor of microsomal hydroxylation. The commercial synergists, sesamex, sulfoxide, piperonyl butoxide, and n-propyl isome, and the noncommercial compounds, safrole, isosafrole, and piperonal, were found to be synergistic with naphthalene in in vivo tests with female houseflies.
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