This review presents the main species of venomous and poisonous arthropods, with commentary on the clinical manifestations provoked by the toxins and therapeutic measures used to treat human envenomations. The groups of arthopods discussed include the class Arachnida (spiders and scorpions, which are responsible for many injuries reported worldwide, including Brazil); the subphylum Myriapoda, with the classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda (centipedes and millipedes); and the subphylum Hexapoda, with the class Insecta and the orders Coleoptera (beetles), Hemiptera (stink bugs, giant water bugs, and cicadas), Hymenoptera (ants, wasps, and bees), and Lepidoptera (butterfl ies and moths).

Injuries caused by fi sh are common in marine and freshwater environments. Catfi sh of the Ariidae and Pimelodidae families cause about 80% of those injuries. One of the complications of injuries caused by fi sh is the retention of fragments of the stinger in the wounds. Here we report fi ve cases (of a total of 127 injuries caused by catfi sh in the Brazilian coast) in which the retained fragments were detected by radiological examination. Retained fragments should be considered in patients stung by catfi sh. A simple X-ray is suffi cient to detect fragments of stingers in the wounds.

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Desde o início do tratamento cirúrgico da doença coronária obstrutiva com Vineberg (1) até os dias atuais com o emprego de vários tipos de enxertos, os cirurgiões procuram aumentar a sobrevida bem como melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Paciente de 60 anos de idade, com angina e síncope, cujo estudo hemodinâmico mostrou lesão de 90% no ramo interventricular anterior (RIA) e 99% na coronária direita (CD) (Figura 1). Foi revascularizado com artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE) para o RIA e ressecção da lesão da CD, seguida de anastomose dos cotos (Figura 2). Paciente de 40 anos, com lesão de 80% da CD e de 99% do RIA foi igualmente revascularizado com enxerto livre de ATIE para o RIA e um segmento de 4 cm de ATIE em ponte coronária-coronária sobre o segmento lesado (Figura 3). Ambos os pacientes evoluíram bem na fase hospitalar. Após um ano, permanecem assintomáticos, com teste ergométrico negativo.
From the early days of surgical treatment of coronary artery disease by Vineberg until the present time using several types of grafts, we are hoping to improve outcome. Case 1 - A 60 year old man with angina and syncope. An angiographic study has shown a 90% obstruction in A. D., 99% in the right coronary (Fig. 1). An anastomosis between the left Internal thoracic artery and the right coronary artery. A resection of the narrow segment with an end to end anastomosis (Fig. 2). Case 2 - A 40 year old man, with 80% obstruction in the right coronary artery (Fig. 4) and 99% in the descending aorta. A 4 cm segment of ATIE was replaced with a bypass from the right coronary artery (Fig. 3). And a free graft of ATIE from descending anterior artery. The one year follow up of both patients has been good with normal stress test and symptoms

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of histogram analysis on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for differentiating between adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas (PCCs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with proven PCCs who had undergone CT examinations between January 2009 and July 2019 at one of two institutions. For each PCC, we selected one or two adenomas diagnosed within two weeks of the date of diagnosis of the PCC. For each lesion, two readers scored the size, determined the mean attenuation, and generated a voxel histogram. The 10th percentile (P10) was obtained from the conventional histogram analysis, as well as being calculated with the following formula: P10 = mean attenuation – (1.282 × standard deviation). The mean attenuation threshold, histogram analysis (observed) P10, and calculated P10 (calcP10) were compared in terms of their diagnostic accuracy. Results: We included 52 adenomas and 29 PCCs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the mean attenuation threshold were 75.0%, 100.0%, and 82.5%, respectively, for reader 1, whereas they were 71.5%, 100.0%, and 81.5%, respectively, for reader 2. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the observed P10 and calcP10 were equal for both readers: 90.4%, 96.5%, and 92.6%, respectively, for reader 1; and 92.3%, 93.1%, and 92.6%, respectively, for reader 2. The increase in sensitivity was significant for both readers (p = 0.009 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: For differentiating between adenomas and PCCs, the histogram analysis (observed P10 and calcP10) appears to outperform the mean attenuation threshold as a diagnostic criterion.