A longitudinal study of circulating autoantibodies in the sera of 48 BB rats was performed by indirect immunofluorescence. No pancreatic islet cell, adrenocortical, or thyroid microsomal autoantibodies were found. However, autoantibodies reactive to gastric parietal cells (PCA), smooth muscle, and thyroid colloidal antigens were identified, PCA were not detected in Wistar-Furth or BB x Wistar-Furth F1 hybrid rats. The range of ages at the time of first appearance of PCA was the same as that of onset of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) in the BB rats, suggesting that the processes leading to PCA and IDD were occurring at the same time of life in these animals. The presence of PCA was associated with degrees of lymphocytic gastritis and with squamous metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the oldest BB rats (9 mo of age). Levels of serum iron and vitamin B12 did not differ between PCA-positive and PCA-negative BB rats, nor was achiorhydria found in any rat studied. The identification of PCA (and chronic gastritis) and other autoantibodies in the BB rat suggests that these animals have an underlying autoimmune diathesis. These findings thus provide indirect support for an autoimmune pathogenesis for IDD in the BB rat.
Environmental agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes (IDD). These studies were designed to learn if dietary protein influences the development of IDD in the BB rat. Specifically, analysis involved the effects of substituting a modified, semi-synthetic diet (AIN-76) containing soy protein as the sole protein source for the standard chow containing a mixture of animal and non-animal protein. IDD was less frequent (73% vs. 38%, P less than or equal to 0.01), and the onset of diabetes was retarded (110 +/- 11.0 vs. 92 +/- 15.5 days, P less than or equal to 0.01) in rats fed the study diet versus standard chow, respectively. The frequency of thyroid collodal autoantibodies was also significantly decreased in rats fed the study diet (56% vs. 23%, P less than or equal to 0.04), whereas frequencies of smooth muscle and gastric parietal cell autoantibodies were less frequent, but not significantly so. Lymphocyte counts and subsets were unaffected. In non-diabetic rats at greater than 180 days of age, insulitis was less severe in the experimental group. These findings suggested that dietary protein may influence the development of IDD in the BB rat.
This paper presents an overview of the Coast Guard regulations requiring display of fire control plans on board merchant ships and an analysis of how these plans are intended to be used by ships' officers, the Coast Guard marine inspector, and others. The preparation of a fire control plan which not only meets minimum requirements, but is actually useful, is then discussed.
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