North Carolina 27 109)Summary Preliminary X-ray structure analysis shows tetrachlorostibonium(v) undecafluorodiantimonate(v), an excellent aromatic chlorinating agent, to be SbCl, +Sb2-F 1 1 -s THE chlorofluorides of pentavalent antimony were first studied by Ruff who, from phase studies, adduced the existence of several compounds having the generic formula z S ~C ~, , ~S ~F , . ~ Among others (SbF,),SbCl, and (SbF,),-SbC1, were specifically cited. More recently Aubrey and Van Waser2 reported the variation of n.m.r. chemical shifts, viscosity, and electrical conductivity with composition of mixtures of SbF, and SbCl,. They were unable to obtain data in the composition region of 3.5 mol F/mol Sb because of solid formation and they also noted the generally complicated nature of the system.From an attempted synthesis of the compound Sb,Cl,F, by mixing SbC1, and SbF, in a 3: 7 mole ratio we have isolated by distillation (at ca. 0.25Torr, liquid to solid) a crystalline solid having the composition Sb,C14F,,, which shows a slight melting a t 69" followed by melting a t 79-81O.Analytical data support this formulation. t t Analysis of this material is difficult. A faulty analysis led to the assignment of an incorrect empirical formula early in the work.
Illumination of a dilute ethanol solution of diphenylacetylene gives phenanthrene in 10% yield.
The irradiation of dialkyl ketones in cyclohexene leads to the formation of cyclohexenyldialkylcarbinols. The use of aldehydes leads to the formation of the corresponding secondary alcohols, but the reaction is more complex because of concomitant Kharasch addition which can, however, be suppressed. The mechanism of the alcohol formation has been elucidated by the use of an optically active substrate, carvomenthene, and has been shown t o involve the intermediacy of a tyclohexenyl radical. The structure and genesis of a biscarbinol by-product is discussed.I t was first observed by Bowen and Horton (I) that the irradiation of acetone in cyclohexane gave, in poor yield, an alcohol which was presumed to be cyclohexyldimethylcarbinol. More recent investigations (2) confirmed this, but the yield (12y0) was not such as to render the reaction preparatively a very useful one.I t seemed probable that if the reaction proceeded by initial hydrogen atom abstraction by the photoactivated carbonyl compound, then ally functio~lal group designed to stabilize that radical should render the reaction more facile; and indeed there were indications in the literature (see, for instance, refs. 3 , 4 , 5 ) that in related transformations this was so.A simple function that would fulfill the requirements was the ethylenic linkage and to this end the symmetrical hydrocarbon cyclohexene was selected. Irradiation a t roo111 temperature of a solution of acetone in this hydrocarbo~i until no carbonyl band could be detected in the infrared gave, after removal of excess hydrocarbon and distillation from a polymeric residue, a colorless oil. This could be separated by gas-liquid chromatography into an alcohol, shown to be the desired carbinol, and 3,3'-bicyclohexenyl. The latter was characterized as the known two tetrabromides (6).'The alcohol showed bands in the infrared a t 3322 (hydroxyl), 1378 and 1368 (geminal dimethyl), and 733 cm-I (cis disubstituted ethylene) in accordance with structure (I, I< = R' = Me), and had the required analysis. I t was characterized a s the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, and a n authentic specimen of the alcohol was synthesized from cyclohexene-3-carboxylic acid by esterification (diazomethane) and Grignard reaction with methyl magnesium iodide. The alcohol so obtained and the derived 3,s-dinitrobenzoate were identical in every respect with the corresponding photoproducts.Under similar conditions the carbinols (I, R = R' = E t ) and (I, R = R' = Pr) were obtained employing diethyl and dipropyl ketone respectively.When the cyclol~exene-acetone irradiation was performed a t reflux temperature there was isolated in poor yield an additional substance, a saturated alcohol, which was readily characterized as a crystalline 3,5-dinitrobenzoate. The analysis indicated the condensation of two molecules of acetone with one of cyclohexene. The absence of unsaturation suggested structure (11) and comparison with an authentic specimen (see Experimental) confirmed this.'illa?zuscript received ivovember 8, 1960. Contribt~fion fr...
Main, Robert S.; and Orris, J. B., "A simulation approach to the choice between fixed and adjustable rate mortgages" (1996). Scholarship and Professional Work -Business. 8.
Discusses the changes in European banking since the introduction of the euro, providing statistics on mergers and acquisitions (mostly domestic) and their effects on assets both inside and outside the eurozone. Considers the factors which make cross‐border mergers less attractive, the effect of consolidation on costs, and the impact of the euro on foreign exchange earnings, debt markets and cash management systems. Concludes that although banks are becoming more competitive with each other and with other financial services companies, national barriers to further integration of the financial services market remain.
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