Introduction To investigate student clinical placement concerns and opinions, during the initial COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and to inform educational institution support planning. Methods Between mid-June to mid-July 2020, educational institutions from 12 countries were invited to participate in an online survey designed to gain student radiographer opinion from a wide geographical spread and countries with varying levels of COVID-19 cases. Results 1277 respondents participated, of these 592 had completed clinical placements during January to June 2020. Accommodation and cohabiting risks were identified as challenging, as was isolation from family, travel to clinical placements, and to a lesser extent childcare. Students stated they had been affected by the feeling of isolation and concerns about the virus whilst on placement. Overall 35.4% of all respondents were ‘Not at all worried’ about being a radiographer, however, 64.6% expressed varying levels of concern and individual domestic or health situations significantly impacted responses (p ≤ 0.05). Year 4 students and recent graduates were significantly more likely to be ‘Not worried at all’ compared to Year 2 and 3 students (p ≤ 0.05). The need for improved communication regarding clinical placements scheduling was identified as almost 50% of students on clinical placements between January to June 2020 identified the completion of assessments as challenging. Furthermore, only 66% of respondents with COVID-19 imaging experience stated being confident with personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Conclusion Student radiographers identified key challenges which require consideration to ensure appropriate measures are in place to support their ongoing needs. Importantly PPE training is required before placement regardless of prior COVID-19 imaging experience. Implications for practice As the next academic year commences, the study findings identify important matters to be considered by education institutions with responsibility for Radiography training and as students commence clinical placements during the on-going global COVID-19 pandemic.
A 10-inch Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) was installed in the Petrobras XVIII semi-submersible production platform, moored in 910 meters water depth in the Marlim field, Campos Basin, offshore Brasil. This is the first SCR ever installed on a floating moored platform. In order to evaluate and verify the methodologies and to calibrate the numerical models used in the riser, mooring system, and platform design, it was necessary to establish a monitoring program for all the relevant parameters (environmental, platform positions and motions, riser loads and stresses at the top and at the touch down point (TDP), and vortex induced vibrations). The TDP monitoring system consists of several strain-gage collars in pipe sections close to the TDP, subsea strain conditioning, control and data storage electronics, and an acoustic telemetry data transmission system. Mobilising this complex system required several innovative solutions. The paper describes the monitoring system developed to measure tension and moments at the Touch Down Point (TDP) region of an SCR, its installation and operational aspects, and its performance to this date. Introduction As part of its continuing effort to develop hydrocarbons in deep water responsibly and cost effectively, Petrobras initiated a project to assess the feasibility of using Steel Catenary Risers (SCR) on moored, floating production platforms in deep water. Numerical analyses to predict the stress history in the touch down region of the SCR sometimes presented different results depending on the numerical model used. Accordingly, Petrobras considered it essential to obtain full-scale data from a prototypical 10 inch SCR installed in the PXVIII, a semisubmersible FPSO moored in 910 meters of water. The experiment was outlined by the Petrobras R&D Center's Exploitation Projects Division. Its Subsea Engineering Group prepared Technical Specifications for the Environmental, Platform Positions and Motions, Top Loads, TDP Loads and Vortex Induced Vibrations Monitoring Systems and its processing, and is conducting this monitoring project. The measurement of the stresses in the touch down point of an SCR in deep water had never been done before and presented several difficulties. This paper describes the development of a monitoring system to do that.
Excessive shipboard vibrations can cause structural and machinery failures, crew discomfort and fatigue, and increased maintenance requirements for shipboard systems. In many cases ship construction specifications require the shipyard to demonstrate "acceptable " levels of vibration using measurements completed during sea trials. This paper provides an overview of standards for these measurements and modern techniques used to collect and analyze the specified vibration data. A brief discussion of the types of vibrations found on ships and their causes is followed by a review of codes, guides and standards for vibration measurement. Instrumentation suitable for measurement of each type of vibration response is described and the design of a typical trial measurement system is presented. Techniques for analyzing and presenting trial results are reviewed and compared with analysis methods specified by SNAME, ISO and NAVSEA. Finally, a discussion of potential problems faced by an owner and shipyard in developing and meeting a vibration measurement specification is offered.
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