Eighteen different fungal species were isolated from symptomatic wood of olive trees (Olea europaea) affected by twig and branch dieback in California and identified by means of morphological characters and multigene sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α). These species included Diaporthe viticola, Diatrype oregonensis, Diatrype stigma, Diplodia mutila, Dothiorella iberica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phomopsis sp. group 1, Phomopsis sp. group 2, and Schizophyllum commune, which are for the first time reported to occur in olive trees; Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum luteum, Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme, and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, which are for the first time reported to occur in olive trees in the United States; and Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, and Trametes versicolor, which have been previously reported in olive trees in California. Pathogenicity studies conducted in olive cultivars Manzanillo and Sevillano showed N. mediterraneum and Diplodia mutila to be the most virulent species and Diatrype stigma and D. oregonensis the least virulent when inoculated in olive branches. Intermediate virulence was shown for the rest of the taxa. This study demystifies the cause of olive twig and branch dieback and elucidates most of the fungal pathogens responsible for this disease in California.
1988. Pigmentation, size, and migration of elvers (Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur)) in a coastal m o d e Island stream. Can. J. Zool. 66: 2528 -2533. Progressive pigmentation of Anguilla rostrata elvers was very similar to that described for A. anguilla. Pigmentation increased rapidly with the advancing season, while total length decreased. The increase in pigmentation was independent of the decrease in length and may have been influenced by increased contact with the substrate. Mean lengths showed significant differences within seasons and between years, and the range of variation was greater than that described by V. D. Vladykov (1966. Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 16: 1007 -1017) for elvers collected from Maryland to Quebec. We substantiate Vladykov's finding that elver size tends to increase with increasing distance from the spawning area, but reject his sizelsex hypothesis. The main migration occurred in April and May and was related to decreasing water depth and rising stream temperature. Elvers took about 4 weeks to ascend 180 m above the tidal zone, probably because of a high stream gradient and the absence of tidal influence. HARO, A. J., et KRUEGER, W. H. 1988. Pigmentation, size, and migration of elvers (Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur)) in a coastal m o d e Island stream. Can. J. Zool. 66 : 2528 -2533. L'apparition progressive de la pigmentation chez les civelles d'Anguilla rostruta se rapproche beaucoup de celle qui se produit chez A. anguilla. La pigmentation augmente rapidement au cours de la saison, alors que la longueur totale diminue. L'augmentation de la pigmentation se fait indkpendamment de la diminution de longueur et est sans doute influencCe par les contacts de plus en plus frCquents avec le substrat. La longueur moyenne varie significativement d'une saison a l'autre et d'une annCe a l'autre et l'amplitude des variations obtenue ici s'est avCrCe supCrieure a celle qui a Ct C dCcrite par V. D. Vladykov (1966. Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew . Limnol. 16 : 1007 -1017) pour des civelles rCcoltCes du Maryland au QuC-bec. Nous sommes d'accord avec la conclusion de Vladykov, a savoir que la taille des civelles tend a augmenter en fonction de la distance d'kloignement de l'aire de fraye, mais nous rejetons son hypothkse taillelsexe. La migration principale a lieu en avril et en mai et est relike a la profondeur dkcroissante de l'eau et a la tempCrature croissante du cours d'eau. Les civelles mettent environ 4 semaines a remonter jusqu'a 180 m au-dela de la zone de marCe, probablement a cause du gradient assez fort du ruisseau et de l'absence de l'influence des marCes.[Traduit par la revue] Introduction 0.2 -0.5 m; stream width was 5 -10 m. Gradient averaged 2.2 % . All
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