The authors examined appraisal, coping, and distress among Korean American, Filipino American, and Caucasian American Protestants. No interaction effects emerged among ethnic groups, but there were significant ethnic main effects for appraisal and coping. Compared with the Caucasian Americans, both Asian American groups appraised stressors as more challenging, and the Korean Americans appraised them also as greater losses. Both Asian American groups reported using more strategies of accepting responsibility, religious coping, distancing, and escape-avoidance than the Caucasian Americans did; the Filipino Americans also reported more problem-solving strategies than the Caucasian Americans. For all participants, challenge appraisals predicted adaptive coping (problem solving and positive reappraisal) and less distress. Problem solving, seeking social support, and positive reappraisal predicted less distress; self-control, accepting responsibility, and escape-avoidance predicted greater distress. The authors stressed the value of assessing ethnicity in coping research.
Procaine penicillin [penicillin (procaine salt)] added to a good practical ration improved the growth of chicks in a laboratory used for poultry for ten years. Chicks from the same batch in two other laboratories, where birds had not been kept before, grew equally well on the ration with and without penicillin, and growth was the same as that on the penicillinsupplemented diet in the usual chick laboratory.
The growth depression in the absence of dietary penicillin was not due to differences in management or to recognizable disease. It is suggested that it is due to an ‘infection’ hitherto undescribed and shown to be transmissible and counteracted by penicillin.
The infant's requirements for essential fatty acids (EFA) have been calculated by different workers from the same limited number of observations which depended on the use of butterfat, linoleic acid, and its esters as the source of EFA. The linoleic acid content of the butterfat employed was determined by a method of known not to be specific for the biologically active linoleic acid (cis cisC18:2omega6). The assay reported (3.3%) is about double that (1+01.6%) usually anticipated. If the butterfat used was actually of average linoleic acid content, then estimates of requirements are about twice the true values. In some tests, linoleic acid or its esters were used rather than fat or triglycerides. In other tests the total fat content of the diet was very low, and the tocopherol content of the diet was not controlled. All of these factors could adversely affect linoleic acid utilization and so exaggerate EFA requirements. If minimum EFA needs are as high as those suggested (1.0%) of cal), deficiency should be commoner than it in fact is. For the reasons noted above it is believed that the minimum requirements for EFA have been set far too high and are in fact less than 0.5% of cal, so that a daily allowance of 65 mg/100 cal (about 0.6% cal) should provide an ample margin of safety.
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