The article contains sections titled: 1. Fixed‐Bed Reactors with Gas‐Phase Reactions 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Catalyst Forms for Fixed‐Bed Reactors 1.2.1. Fluid Flow, Mass and Heat Transfer, and Chemical Reaction in Catalyst‐Filled Tubes 1.2.2. Regular Catalyst Structures 1.2.3. Comparison and Evaluation of Different Catalyst Forms 1.3. Adiabatic Fixed‐Bed Reactors 1.3.1. Axial and Radial Flow Reactors 1.3.2. Multistage Reactors with Interstage Heat Transfer 1.4. Fixed‐Bed Reactors with Integrated Heat Exchange 1.4.1. Heat‐Exchange Concepts 1.4.2. Heat‐Transfer Media for Fixed‐Bed Reactors 1.4.3. Cooled Reactors for Exothermic Reactions 1.4.4. Heated Reactors for Endothermic Reactions 1.4.5. Influencing the Course of Reaction 1.5. Heat‐Integrated Reactor Concepts 1.5.1. Autothermal Reactors with External and Internal Heat Exchange 1.5.2. Heat‐Integrated Reactors for Coupling of Endo‐ and Exothermic Reactions 1.6. Operational and Safety Issues 1.6.1. Parametric Sensitivity and Runaway 1.6.2. Moving Temperature and Reaction Fronts 1.6.3. Other Safety Aspects 1.7. Periodic Operation of Fixed‐Bed Reactors 1.7.1. Fixed‐Bed Reactors with Periodic Flow Reversal and Exothermic Reaction 1.7.2. Fixed‐Bed Reactors with Periodic Flow Reversal for Coupled Exo‐ and Endothermic Reactions 1.7.3. Periodic Feed Cycling 2. Fixed‐Bed Reactors for Liquid‐Phase Reactions 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Fixed‐Bed Catalyzed Liquid‐Phase Reactions 2.3. Upward Liquid Flow through Fixed Beds 2.4. Reactor Layout and Operation 2.4.1. Safety Issues 2.4.2. Example: Amination of Alcohols Catalytic fixed‐bed reactors are the most important type of reactors for the synthesis of large‐scale basic chemicals and intermediates and for the treatment of harmful and toxic substances in the gas or the liquid phase. In these reactors the solid catalyst in the form of pellets or regular structures is arranged as a so‐called fixed bed. In this article fixed‐bed reactors with homogeneous (single‐phase) gas or liquid flow are considered. It is a revision of the first version of 1992 and an updated extension of a version published in the Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis [53]. Since in the vast majority of cases catalytic fixed‐bed reactors are used for gas‐phase reactions, such reactors are treated in detail in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2 the main differences and peculiarities when fixed‐bed reactors are used for liquid‐phase reactions are mentioned. Fixed‐bed reactors with multiphase gas–liquid or gas–liquid–solid flow are treated in → Three‐Phase Trickle‐Bed Reactors.
Die gezielte Ausnutzung von Warme-und Stofftransportprozessen bei der heterogenen Katalyse bietet vielfaltige Moglichkeiten fur die Reaktionsfuhrung. Es wird eine Klassifizierung vorgestellt, die konventionelle und neue Reaktorkonfigurationen umfarjt und somit die Entwicklung der jeweils optimalen Reaktionsfuhrung unterstutzt. Die Klassifizierung katalytischer Reaktoren bezuglich des Warme-und Stofftransportes wird an acht Beispielen aus dem Bereich der Grundchemikalien dargestellt. Dabei erweist sich das erweiterte Reaktormodell als nutzlicher Rahmen fur den Reaktorentwurf und zeigt eine eindeutige Analogie zwischen Konfigurationen mit entsprechenden Warme-und Stofftransportprozessen. Die Systematik weist auf neue Losungsmoglichkeiten fur reaktionstechnische Aufgaben hin.Multifunctional reactors for heterogeneous catalysis. Consequential exploitation of heat and mass transfer processes in heterogeneous catalysis provides numerous possibilities for reaction engineering. This paper presents a classification covering conventional and new reactor configurations and thus supporting development of optimum reaction engineering for any given case. The classification of catalytic reactors with regard to heat and mass transfer is demonstrated for eight examples taken from the heavy chemicals area. The extended reactor model proves to be a useful framework for reactor design and shows an unequivocal analogy between configurations with corresponding heat and mass transfer processes. The systematic approach indicates possible new solutions for reaction engineering problems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.