Multifunktionale Reaktoren für die heterogene Katalyse

Abstract

Die gezielte Ausnutzung von Warme-und Stofftransportprozessen bei der heterogenen Katalyse bietet vielfaltige Moglichkeiten fur die Reaktionsfuhrung. Es wird eine Klassifizierung vorgestellt, die konventionelle und neue Reaktorkonfigurationen umfarjt und somit die Entwicklung der jeweils optimalen Reaktionsfuhrung unterstutzt. Die Klassifizierung katalytischer Reaktoren bezuglich des Warme-und Stofftransportes wird an acht Beispielen aus dem Bereich der Grundchemikalien dargestellt. Dabei erweist sich das erweiterte Reaktormodell als nutzlicher Rahmen fur den Reaktorentwurf und zeigt eine eindeutige Analogie zwischen Konfigurationen mit entsprechenden Warme-und Stofftransportprozessen. Die Systematik weist auf neue Losungsmoglichkeiten fur reaktionstechnische Aufgaben hin.Multifunctional reactors for heterogeneous catalysis. Consequential exploitation of heat and mass transfer processes in heterogeneous catalysis provides numerous possibilities for reaction engineering. This paper presents a classification covering conventional and new reactor configurations and thus supporting development of optimum reaction engineering for any given case. The classification of catalytic reactors with regard to heat and mass transfer is demonstrated for eight examples taken from the heavy chemicals area. The extended reactor model proves to be a useful framework for reactor design and shows an unequivocal analogy between configurations with corresponding heat and mass transfer processes. The systematic approach indicates possible new solutions for reaction engineering problems.

Process intensification aspects for steam methane reforming: An overview

“…PI involves interaction of SMR with the other associated processes and such approach may cause diverse unstable effects on the integrated framework [not illustrated in the following sections]. One of the most interesting contradictions in SMR kinetics was the prediction of positive 4 as well as negative effective reaction orders [14][15][16][17] with respect to steam. All these drawbacks were, however, overcome by the model of Xu and Froment.…”

“…8 This is achieved by combining SMR with adsorption, 9 membrane separation, 10 etc., to overcome thermodynamic limitations, mass transfer enhancement through multifunctional particle design, 11 improved heat transfer through coupled catalytic reactors 12 and plasma technology, 13 and novel catalyst design to achieve desirable kinetics. All these configurations involve coupling one or more functionalities in the reactor design and give an additional degree of freedom [14][15][16][17] in the optimal design of such systems. One of the important advancement is achieving reaction enhancement to enable a lower operational temperature, which in turn may resolve the problems associated with catalyst fouling as well as help in realization of a compact domestic H 2 source.…”

Catalytic Fixed‐Bed Reactors

“…In addition, the energy requirements can be minimized if an efficient heat exchange between the cold feeds and the hot effluents is incorporated into the reactor. Novel designs to improve the interaction of transport and reaction have therefore attracted considerable interest in recent years; these can be placed under the heading ''multifunctional reactors'' [26,[50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Can a fuel-cell stack and an enzyme electro-membrane reactor be combined into a multi-functional unit?

“…The usage of the term multi-functional reactor as a synonym for a reactor system that integrates two or more unit operations and necessary equipment into a single unit was proposed in their seminal paper by Agar and Ruppel [1] and later on reintroduced by Westerterp [2]. The concept of multi-functionality can be, however, traced back to the 1940s, when a reactor incorporating catalyst regeneration by coke combustion and heat transfer for an endothermic reaction leading to an autothermal operation was described [3,4].…”