Wie bei anderen Pflanzen ist auch bei Anthoceros punctatus das Lamellarsystem der Chloroplasten aus in sich geschlossenen Doppellamellen aufgebaut. Diese werden als Thylakoide bezeichnet. Die Thylakoide der Anthoceros-Chloroplasten können an verschiedenen Stellen blasenförmig angeschwollen und durch Ein- und Ausstülpungen ihrer Membranen verzweigt und zerklüftet sein. Es wird vermutet, daß Ein- und Ausstülpungen der Membranen durch örtlich begrenztes Wachstum erfolgen, und daß dieser Vorgang nicht nur zur Oberflächenvergrößerung, sondern auch zu einer Vermehrung der Thylakoide durch Teilung führen kann. Stärkekörner werden bei Anthoceros in Thylakoiden gebildet. Ebenso sind die Teilstücke der Pyrenoide von Thylakoid-Membranen eingeschlossen.
Antibodies were prepared against carboxydismutase and latent Ca2⊕ dependent ATPase (coupling factor) purified from Nicotiana tabacum. The antibodies against carboxydismutase inhibit the enzymatic activity of the purified protein, while those against coupling factor inhibit the Ca2® dependent ATPase activity of the protein as well as the photophosphorylation of the chloroplasts. The antisera against these two proteins agglutinate the isolated lamellar systems of chloroplasts. The lamellar systems after repeated washes with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid loose their capacity to agglutinate with the antibodies. So treated lamellar systems regain their capacity to agglutinate when preincubated with purified coupling factor and carboxydismutase. It is concluded that coupling factor and carboxydismutase molecules are present on the outer surface of the thylakoids. The antisera against the proteins isolated from Nicotiana show cross reactions with preparations of Antirrhinum. Coupling factor and carboxydismutase are non-uniformly distributed on the surface of thylakoids. Electron microscopy shows no evidence that coupling factor represent knobs attached to the surface of the thylakoids.
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