Das allgemeine Bauprinzip des Lamellarsystems der Chloroplasten

Three-Dimensional Organization of Higher-Plant Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes Revealed by Electron Tomography

“…Since Menke's observation of thylakoids in electron micrographs of chloroplast cross sections (Menke, 1960), several models have been proposed to describe the structure and interconnections of granum-stroma assemblies in the thylakoid membranes of higher-plant chloroplasts (Weier and Thomson, 1962;HeslopHarrison, 1963;Weier et al, 1963;Wehrmeyer, 1964;Paolillo, 1970;Brangeon and Mustardy, 1979;Arvidsson and Sundby, 1999). At present, two models dominate the field.…”

Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks

“…Although several models had been proposed in the 1950s (Hodge et al, 1955;Steinmann and Sjostrand, 1955), the model proposed by Menke (1960), in which ordered arrays of grana stacks are traversed by equallyspaced, perpendicularly oriented stroma lamellar sheets (Fig. 6a) is usually considered to be the first model that describes higher-plant thylakoid membrane organization.…”

Three-Dimensional Architecture of Grana and Stroma Thylakoids of Higher Plants as Determined by Electron Tomography

“…The first electron micrographs of thin-sectioned chloroplasts in which the internal thylakoid membranes were clearly resolved indicated that they were organized in the form of flat sheets and membrane stacks (Hodge et al, 1955;Steinmann and Sjö strand, 1955). Menke (1960) subsequently postulated that higher-plant chloroplasts contained many individual, sac-like thylakoids of two types, small thylakoids that gave rise to the grana stacks, and large thylakoids (now called stroma thylakoids) that interconnected the grana stacks. Menke's (1960) model was challenged by Weier and coworkers (Weier, 1961;Weier et al, 1963), whose micrographs showed that the stroma thylakoids were not only connected to grana thylakoids, but also formed a tubular network that linked grana thylakoids in adjacent stacks as well as grana thylakoids at different levels in a given stack.…”

“…Menke (1960) subsequently postulated that higher-plant chloroplasts contained many individual, sac-like thylakoids of two types, small thylakoids that gave rise to the grana stacks, and large thylakoids (now called stroma thylakoids) that interconnected the grana stacks. Menke's (1960) model was challenged by Weier and coworkers (Weier, 1961;Weier et al, 1963), whose micrographs showed that the stroma thylakoids were not only connected to grana thylakoids, but also formed a tubular network that linked grana thylakoids in adjacent stacks as well as grana thylakoids at different levels in a given stack. Heslop-Harrison (1963) and Wehrmeyer (1964), to our knowledge, were the first to show that the stroma thylakoids were arranged in a spiral-like configuration around grana stacks, and that at each grana-stroma membrane intersection the two membranes were fused together.…”