Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric accuracy of the sliding window gated IMRT compared with the static treatment, using varying dose rates.Materials and methods: This study measured changes in output and diode array response with changing dose rate, verified the precision of the motion table, and measured changes in dose distribution accuracy with film and diodes at two depths with changing dose rate. During 4DCT (4 Dimensional Computed Tomography), the patient's respiratory signals and target motion were recorded and imported to the XY4D simulation table of SUN NUCLEAR Corporation to simulate the patient's respiration and tumour motion. A single field of each sliding window IMRT plan with 30º wedge and one for lung cancer were used in this study. Three irradiating conditions, static and moving target with and without gating, were applied to both plans.Results: The standard deviations of output, with the dose rates changing from 300-600 MU/min, were 0.065 cGy and 0.169 cGy for the ionisation chamber and diode, respectively. The verification of the motion table shows very good precision with 9.98 ± 0.02 cm (true value = 10.0 cm). The measurements by MapCheck show the gamma index of the planned absolute dose distribution in static and moving targets with gating, resulting in more than 96% passing for all dose rates. The absolute dose distribution measured by film for the static target was agreeable with the value of moving target with gating.Conclusion: The sliding window gated IMRT technique is able to deliver an accurate dose to a moving target with the dose rate of 300-600 MU/min that is suitable for clinical treatment.

Myelinated axons of white matter demonstrate prominent directional differences in water diffusion. We performed diffusion-weighted imaging on ten patients with head injury to explore the feasibility of using water diffusion anisotropy for quantitating diffuse axonal injury. We showed significant decrease in diffusion anisotropy indices in areas with or without signal abnormality on T2 and T2*-weighted images. We conclude that the water diffusion anisotropy index a potentially useful, sensitive and quantitative way of diagnosing and assessing patients with diffuse axonal injury.

This pictorial review aims to illustrate the various manifestations of the diabetic foot on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The utility of MR imaging and its imaging features in the diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis are illustrated. There is often difficulty encountered in distinguishing osteomyelitis from neuroarthropathy, both clinically and on imaging. By providing an accurate diagnosis based on imaging, the radiologist plays a significant role in the management of patients with complications of diabetic foot.

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Intraosseous hemangiomas are rare, benign bone tumors usually affecting the bones of the axial skeleton. Its incidence in the long bones is extremely rare. We report a 19-year-old boy with solitary intraosseous hemangioma of the proximal ulna. Radiographs and computed tomography images showed a well-defined osteolytic lesion involving the right proximal ulna. Magnetic resonance imaging showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images with internal trabeculae and peripheral post-contrast enhancement. Postcurettage histologic diagnosis of intraosseous hemangioma was made.

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