Fisheries play an important role in the socio-economic development of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), although the exploited fishery resources have remained largely unknown due to extreme data limitation conditions, which have hindered their sustainable utilization and effective management. Fish has traditionally been seen as a crucial element in the population’s dietary and nutritional security, playing a significant role as a source of 85% of animal protein. However, the sustainable management of these resources has recently been facing some challenges. Fishermen control the patterns of fishing exploitation by modifying their methods in response to shifting socioeconomic situations and the management of their resources. In the present study, we assess the dynamics and trends of catches of artisanal, semi-industrial, and industrial fleets in São Tomé and Príncipe marine waters, as well as aspects related to fishing effort, using catch data collected from 1950 to 2020. The observed results show the dynamics and importance that the fishing sectors of São Tomé and Príncipe have for the country’s economic growth. According to the indices of abundance of fishery resources, the levels of exploitation during this study’s period revealed a reduction in recent years of artisanal catches. Furthermore, this study also identified major problems faced in the fishing sector of São Tomé and Príncipe and makes some recommendations to address them. These recommendations would allow future studies to define the status of stocks threatened or overexploited and control fishing efforts, ensuring the legitimacy and sustainability of fishing activity in São Tomé and Príncipe.
Cephalopod fishing in Brazil has been on the rise as a result of the growing demand for high quality food. Therefore, for the sustainable exploitation of this resource, adequate evaluation and scientifically supported management strategies are necessary. Notably, the squid which belongs to the family Loliginidae are fishery resources of increasing importance in the marine ecosystem of the Continental Shelf Southeast and South of Brazil. However, information about stock status, knowledge of life history, ecology and the distribution of the early stages of its life cycle is still very insufficient. The present review analyzed more than 100 scientific articles, related to the history of life and ecology, the identification of the occurrence of cephalopods of the Loliginidae family in the region between Cabo de São Tomé (RJ) and Cananeia (SP), the patterns of family distribution to oceanographic processes that were identified from horizontal and vertical maps of abundance, temperature and salinity in plankton sampling collected by 11 oceanographic cruises conducted by the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (USP) and published in 2013. Respectively, Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were used to detect the factors that would explain the occurrence and abundance of Loliginidae, which indicated the depth and sea surface temperature (SST), height of the sea surface (HSS), salinity of the sea surface (SSS), chlorophyll-a concentration Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and plankton density (PD). Also, a Redundancy Analysis (RDA) revealed the main distribution patterns observed for the three main species of Loliginidae in relation to the oceanographic variables. Doryteuthis sanpaulensis predominated in the northern region of the sampling area, associated with cold waters and resurgence events. Doryteuthis pleii occurred mainly in the southern region of the study area in warmer waters. Lolliguncul brevis was found only in the estuarine region of Santos, i.e in the shallow and less saline waters. The results obtained represents a relevant contribution to sustainable management for the exploitation of these resources and also contributes to the knowledge about squid fishing oceanography in the regional marine ecosystem.
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