Background: Disease burden indicators assess the impact of disease on a population. They integrate mortality and disability in a single indicator. This allows setting priorities for health services and focusing resources. Objective: To analyze the burden of neurological diseases in Peru from 1990-2015. Methods: A descriptive study that used the epidemiological data published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation of Global Burden of Diseases from 1990 to 2015. Disease burden was measured using disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), which results from the addition of the years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). Results: The burden of neurological diseases in Peru were 9.06 and 10.65%, in 1990 and 2015, respectively. In 2015, the main causes were migraine, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), neonatal encephalopathy (NE), and Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (ADD). This last group and nervous system cancer (NSC) increased 157 and 183% of DALY compared to 1990, respectively. Young population (25 to 44 years old) and older (>85 years old) were the age groups with the highest DALY. The neurological diseases produced 11.06 and 10.02% of the national YLL (CVD as the leading cause) and YLD (migraine as the main cause), respectively. Conclusion: The burden of disease (BD) increased by 1.6% from 1990 to 2015. The main causes were migraine, CVD, and NE. ADD and NSC doubled the DALY in this period. These diseases represent a significant cause of disability attributable to the increase in the life expectancy of our population among other factors. Priority actions should be taken to prevent and treat these causes.

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Revisión temática sobre la enfermedad de MELAS y casos reportados en Latinoamérica entre 1990 y 2021, mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos LILACs, Scielo, PubMed/Medline y Scopus. De un total de 966 publicaciones, se seleccionaron 19 reportes/series de casos y se describen 51 casos (39 niños y 12 adultos), 42 de ellos en ocho países latinoamericanos y con estudios genéticos. La variante m.3243A>G fue la más frecuentemente identificada, con una edad media de 12 ± 9.7 años y un discreto predominio en mujeres. Las manifestaciones neurológicas más frecuentes fueron episodios de stroke like y epilepsia. Las lesiones más frecuentes detectadas por resonancia magnética fueron de tipo isquémico stroke like y calcificación de núcleos de la base.

Objective: Determine whether the tomographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at hospital admission and the initial tomographic severity score (TSS) as well as some laboratory tests or clinical characteristics predict mortality and length of hospital stay.Material and methods: Analytical, retrospective study that included 203 patients with a clinical diagnosis of SARSCoV2 Virus Infection, performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reactive serological test (IgM/IgG) and/or spiral computed tomography (CT) chest without contrast, admitted in the period from 6 April to 27 June 2020. Two radiologists (blind evaluators) described the tomographic findings. 15 patients with normal CT were excluded, 188 patients with clinical and laboratory parameters were admitted to the statistical analysis of TSS and mortality; data taken from epidemiological records and clinical histories, divided into two groups: recovered and deceased. Data analysis used the statistical package Stata version 14.2; hospital stay was analyzed by Kaplan – Meier curves and mortality prediction was made by Cox regression with 95% CI and a p value <0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Hypertension was the most frequent associated disease, the most common clinical presentation included cough, malaise, fever and dyspnea , there were no significant differences between studied groups   (Recovered  vs. death patients), 15 cases had normal CT, for this reason, they were excluded from the TSS score and mortality analysis. Mean age of the recovered patients was 53.6 ± 16.4 years and of the deceased 75.9 ± 13.9 years (p <0.0001). A moderate and high TSS (≥ 8) resulted in deaths (p <0.05), as well as a higher degree of lymphopenia and a history of asthma in the deceased (p <0.05). The variable arterial hypertension predicts the increase in days of hospital stay (p <0.05). The ground glass pattern was the most frequent, followed by the consolidation and distortion of the architecture; however, they were not associated with a type of outcome. The pattern of pleural effusion and bronchial dilation showed a significant difference with respect to the outcome, however, but it could be due to the infrequency of presentation of these patterns. Conclusions: TSS is useful in the initial and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia, in conjunction with markers such as lymphopenia and elevated CRP that can predict a poor short-term outcome. A high TSS score is a predictor of mortality. Hypertension predicts the increase in days of hospital stay.

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