Pada satu dekade terakhir, kehidupan masyarakat semakin pesat bergerak memasuki era digital yang sering disebut era industri 4.0. Meskipun diawali dari kegiatan bisnis, berbagai aktivitas dalam dunia maya juga mulai dikenal di bidang pelayanan publik seperti e-signature, e-litigation, e-court, e-registration, dukcapil online dan sebagainya. Masifnya berbagai aktivitas elektronik tersebut didorong oleh derasnya arus kemajuan dan inovasi teknologi salah satunya smart contract pada sistem blockchain. Aplikasi smart contract blockchain digadang dapat digunakan selain berkaitan dengan cryptocurrency atau aset kripto, yakni antara lain untuk e-voting ataupemilu, rekam medis dan pendaftaran tanah. Pada tahun 2021, Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional RI mengeluarkan Peraturan Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 tentang Sertipikat Elektronik yang mulai berlaku sejak tanggal 12 Januari 2021. Peraturan tersebut memungkinkan dikeluarkannya Sertipikat Elektronik untuk pendaftaran tanah pertama kali atau untuk penggantian sertipikat lama menjadi Sertipikat Elektronik. Peraturan tersebut dapat disimpulkan merupakan implementasi Road Map Transformasi Digital yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/ Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Pada Road Map tersebut, salah satu poin yang disebutkan untuk tahun 2022 adalah Implementasi smart contract, smart escrow. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis tentang dinamika pengaturan pendaftaran tanah para era digital di Indonesia dan bagaimana potensi penggunaan smart contract untuk pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa dokumen yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan non hukum. Data tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif.
Initially, the Fiduciary Law allowed creditors to execute fiduciary guarantee objects themselves, but after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dated January 6, 2020 to carry out the execution, creditors must submit an application to the District Court.The purpose of this paper is to find out the legal protection for fiduciary recipients and understand legal remedies for fiduciary recipients after the
The electronic mortgage system is expected to provide convenience for users of the system, but in its implementation it has not run optimally. One of the problems that arise is when the debtor dies after making the APHT and SKMHT which is then followed by the registration of mortgage rights. This study aims to find out how legal protection can be given to creditors against the death of the debtor before the electronic mortgage registration process is carried out. This research is a normative legal research. The data used in this study is secondary data. The collected data is then analyzed descriptively qualitatively by using a conceptual approach or concept approach. The results of this study indicate that there are two forms of legal protection for creditors against the death of the debtor prior to electronic registration of mortgage rights, namely preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection. The application of preventive legal protection is intended to prevent problems from arising in the future, while repressive legal protection is carried out with the aim of resolving disputes that arise between the parties.
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